NEB Grade-11 (English) Unit: 9 Human Rights and Democracy Inauguration Speech of Nelson Mandela
Reading:
— Before You Read:
a.
Work in pairs. Look at the photos and share what you
know about them.
b.
What do these individuals share in common? – fight for
democracy, freedom, equality and human rights
Short
biography of Nelson Mandela and his Inauguration Speech
Short Biography of Nelson Mandela:
Ø Nelson
Rolihlahla Mandela who is shortly known as Nelson Mandela and byname Madiba was
born in July 18, 1918 in as a member of
Thembu tribe and dies in December 5, 2013.
Ø In 1944, he
joined the African National Congress (ANC) and opposed the apartheid policies
of the ruling National Party. He was charged with misleading the youth with an
armed wing of the ANC and was arrested in 1962 and was sentenced to the life
imprisonment.
Ø Due to his concept of providing equal rights to all
races of people in South Africa, a rallying cry “Free Mandela” was seen in the
world. Consequently, he was released after 27 years prison life in 1990 and
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his continuous efforts to end
apartheid and to establish justice and peace in South Africa.
Ø He was a black
nationalist and the first black president of South Africa (1994-1999), through
democratic election who fought against apartheid, a policy that governed
relations between South Africa’s white minority and nonwhite majority and
sanctioned racial segregation and discrimination against nonwhites.
Ø Nelson Mandela
was elected as South Africa’s first Black President in the country’s first ever
multi-racial democratic election on May 10th, 1994 and delivered his
inaugural speech in Pretoria, the
capital of South Africa holding historical significance because of the
beginning of a new era in the history of South Africa.
Ø He promoted the
reconcilement plan that was to be the hallmark of his presidency, and wanted
his audience to recognize the turning point in the country’s history to
construct a model state for the world with the teachings of overcoming the past
conflicts and the reformation of the human soul and sustain all the hopes for a
glorious life for all.
Ø His words are
credible and believable because people have seen him experience 27 years as a
political prisoner for his anti-apartheid activities as a freedom fighter. When
he says he wants to destroy the divide between black and white communities,
people know he means it.
Ø He stirs their
emotions by paying tribute to the heroes and heroines for their sacrifices and
telling that “their dreams have become reality. Freedom is their reward.”
Ø He expresses
hope for their future, thanked them for their support, lead them towards an
ideal of freedom, and a state of justice, peace and human dignity.
Ø He promises to
restore peace, prosperity, non-sexism, non-racialism and democracy in the country and pays his tribute to the security forces for conducting
democratic elections.
Ø He asks his country people to act together as a
united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth
of a new world.
Ø He hopes to
restore justice and peace and work for
bread, water and salt for all by the bless of the God.
Ø As a whole,
Mandela’s tone is inspirational, hopeful, and uplifting. The delivery of the
speech is effective, eloquent and persuasive. The message is clear and easy to
understand. He uses dramatic and convincing language.
Ways
with words:
A.
Find the words in the text that mean the same as the
following. The first letters are given.
a.
The
system that completely separated black people from white people (a……-apartheid)
b.
Formal
objection (p….-protest)
c.
An
ethnical group of people (t….. -tribe)
d.
An
act undertaken to achieve a set goal (c……. -campaign)
e.
The
formal beginning of any movement (i..-inauguration)
f.
A
storng feeling of excitement and happiness (e…-exhilaration)
g.
Being
set free from legal, social, or political restrictions (e……-emancipation)
B.
Find these words in a dictionary and write their meanings as they are used in
the text.
a.
Liberty- state of being free
b.
Conflict-a serious disagreement or argument
c.
Ideology-a set of beliefs or philosophies
attributed to a person or group of persons
d.
Oppression- cruel or unjust treatment
e.
Privilege-having special rights, advantages
f.
Dignity-the state or quality of being worthy of
honour or respect.
g.
Surrender-give up or hand over or to stop
resisting
h.
Reconciliation-the restoration of friendly
relations.
|
/t/ |
/d/ |
/id/ |
|
Asked |
Killed |
Blessed |
D.
Put these nouns into the correct box according to the pronunciation of the
plural suffix: s/es.
|
/S/ |
/Z/ |
/IZ/ |
|
Cats |
Dogs |
Boys |
Comprehension
Answer the following questions:
a.
What were the restrictions imposed on the Blacks in
South Africa?
Ø The restrictions
imposed on the Blacks in the South Africa were apartheid(रंगभेद),
racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-whites.
b.
Why was Mandela arrested?
Ø Mandela was
arrested for his organizing armed wing of the ANC.( African National Congress).
c.
How did he describe racism and racial oppression?
Ø He described
racism as the belief that different races possess distinct characteristics,
abilities, or qualities to distinguish them as inferior or superior to one
another and racial oppression as the prolonged cruel or unjust treatment of
authority in the nation.
d.
Why did he thank all the international guests?
He
thanks all the international guests for their presence in the celebrations of
the African peoples’ glory and newborn liberty.
e.
Why did he think that people in his country had
achieved political emancipation?
He thought that
people in his country had achieved political emancipation in the sense they had
got liberty from the bondage from poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and
other discrimination.
- The main point of Mandela’s speech is
that: People of South Africa should build a society where there will be justice,
peace, rights, and equality for all people.
f.
What is the main point of Mandela’s speech?
— The main message
of Mandela’s speech is:
1.
When was Nelson Mandela born?
Nelson Mandela
was born on 18 July 1918.
2.
Where was he born?
He was born in
Transkei, South Africa.
3.
Who were his parents?
His father was
Hendry Mphakanyiswa, chief of the Thembu tribe, also known as Henry Mandela and
his mother was Nosekeni Fanny.
4.
Why is he also called ‘Madiba’?
In his
autobiography, Nelson Mandela explains: “I am often addressed as Madiba, my
clan name, as a sign of respect.”
5.
What is his educational background?
Nelson Mandela
started his schooling at the local mission school, graduated from the
University College of Fort Hare in Alice, and enrolled at the University of the
Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and
finally got his law degree in 1989.
6.
Why was Nelson Mandela sent to jail?
Nelson Mandela
was arrested and jailed because he was accused of treason by the South African
government for forming the military wing of the ANC, and misleading the youths.
7.
Where was he jailed?
He was jailed at
the Robben Island Prison, 12 kilometers away from Cape Town, off the coast of
South Africa.
8.
How long was he jailed in Robben Island?
He was jailed
for 18 years until 11 February 1990 when he was finally released.
9.
He was also known as ‘The Black Pimpernel’? Why?
The press called
Nelson Mandela ‘The Black Pimpernel’ because of his ability to avoid the
police, using several disguises, or a
chauffeur.
10. What happened to him after he was released?
He was elected
president of the ANC in 1991 and became the first democratically elected
President of South Africa in 1994.
11. When was Nelson Mandela awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize? And why?
In 1993, Nelson
Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, sharing it with Frederik Willem de
Klerk, president of South Africa at the time, “for their work for the peaceful
termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new
democratic South Africa.”
— (Sources: -
Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, London: Little,
Brown and Company, 1994)
Nelson Mandela
vs. Martin Luther King Jr: The Eradication of Segregation
— In the
discussion of activism and leadership, the speeches of Nelson Mandela of South
Africa and Martin Luther King junior of United State of America, contains
motivational word which encourage citizens to walk on the path of truth,
justice and equality.
1.
Both
Martin Luther King Junior and Nelson Mandela’s are motivational activist whose
speeches reviled their leadership qualities.
2.
Both
“I have a Dream” by Martin Luther, and “Our Freedom” by Nelson Mandela, are
rhetorical speeches which are capable of persuading its audiences.
3.
These
speeches support for equality between blacks and whites people and also
encourage peaceful protest as a way of achieving equality.
4.
According
to King “we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical
violence.” And according to Mandela “it is only through discipline mass action
that our victory can be assured.” These statements, prove that they are peace
loving leaders.
5.
Mandela
and King advocate for democracy in their speeches. Just as it was in the United
States of America in the 1960s, blacks in South Africa were denied of their
rights to partaking in electoral process in their country.
6.
Both speakers focused on advocating
democracy and their speeches overtook the deeper problem of inequality.
7.
Just
as there are similarities in speeches of Mandela and King, the use of
figurative expressions in Luther speeches is a major difference.
8.
Martin
Luther King Junior uses figurative expression in his “I have a Dream” marking
“We have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check.” Literarily, Luther was
referring to emancipation proclamation which was signed by President Lincoln’s
administration about a hundred years before Luther speech. Unlike Kings,
Mandela speech “our freedom” did not contain figurative expressions.
Finally,
both Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Junior are symbols of freedom and
good leadership in South Africa and United States of America respectively.
Critical Thinking:
a.
What does Mandela mean when he says- a rainbow
nation at peace with itself and the world?
— This concept
of ‘Rainbow Notion was invented by Archbishop
Desmond Tutu which he used to
describe post-apartheid South Africa, after the first democratic, multi racial
election of 1994. Nelson Mandela then picked up on this colourful image, when
he said during his very first month in office: “Each of us is as intimately
attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda
trees of Pretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld – a rainbow nation at
peace with itself and the world.”
Since then, the notion of ‘rainbowism’ has been much debated. Certainly anyone
travelling to South Africa will be struck by the poverty and deeply entrenched
racism that still exists there. It’s easy to travel optimistically, full of the
Rainbow Nation myth, only to arrive and discover a very different reality.
— Everywhere you
go, whites are customers and blacks are serving. Whites are driving, blacks are
walking. You’ll find slums on one side of the road, right opposite glossy
shopping malls and gated mansions. You’ll see black people living in tiny tents
on motorway hard shoulders, as white people – and, yes, tourists – cruise past
in 4x4s. There may be a black president, but on the surface it could appear
that Apartheid has not ended at all.
b.
Mandela should have avenged on those who imprisoned him for such a long period.
Instead, he followed the path of reconciliation. Why do you think he did so?
— Mandela should
have avenged on those who imprisoned him for such a long period. Instead, he
followed the path of reconciliation because he was dedicated himself to the
freedom struggle of the African people. To do this, he fought against White and
Black dominations in South Africa. He
not only fought for the oppressed people in Africa but also who imprisoned him
as he was the follower of reconciliation. But more than anything else, he
fought for democracy as a plural society in which all persons of all races,
languages and opinions can live together in harmony and with equal opportunity.
— However, what
Nelson Mandela as a political and moral leader made possible for humanity was
to extend and expand our capacity to rethink politics in terms of an ethics of
empathy, a politics of forgiveness and a revolution of values in South Africa.
Mandela’s life experience speaks clearly for itself: the transformation of
Mandela himself and that of the South African society went hand in hand.
c.
Why and how have societies struggled with segregation in the world? Do you find
any evidence of segregation in your society?
— Segregation
refers to the separation
of groups of people or the condition of inequality with differing characteristics. Racial
segregation is one of many types of segregation, which can range from
deliberate and systematic persecution through more subtle types
of discrimination to self-imposed separation. It is the social separation of human beings on
the basis of any number of factors, including race, ethnicity, or nationality.
The practice of segregation can also be intentional or self-imposed.
— Though
segregation found in the society may belong to any forms, they can lead to
social, economic and political tensions. This concept of segregation
denies several sorts of right such as legal rights, civil rights, political
rights and many more. From the ancient time, people in the societies, have
attempted a lot to eradicate such concept of segregation from the society.
— The constitution
of the Nepal doesn’t endorse any segregated society in terms of religion, caste
and ethnicity. But even if it is found
in the society. Girls and children belonging to the marginalized and
disadvantageous groups are prohibited from private education in our country.
Another example of segregation traced from the Nepalese society is the only
Hindu and Buddhists people belonging to Nepal, India and China are permitted to
enter many of the elevated temples of Nepal and others like people belonging to
Islamic religion are strictly prohibited to enter inside.
Writing:
a.
Nepal has topsy-turvy political history. Many
changes have been observed in different times. Write a short biography of any
Nepali freedom fighter incorporating the changes brought under his/her
leadership.
— Nepal has
topsy-turvy political history. Many changes have been observed in different
times.
Ganesh man Singh - a Nepali freedom fighter
— Ganesh Man Singh
(November 9, 1915 – September 18, 1997) was the leader of the democratic
movement of 1990 in Nepal. He is revered as the Father of Democracy and the
Iron-man of Nepali politics. He joined Praja Parishad to protest against the
autocratic rule of the Ranas.
— Ganesh Man Singh
was the main leaders of Nepali Congress Movement in 2007 B.S., which was able
to overthrow the Rana Regime. In 2015 B.S., he was elected as Member of
Parliament from Kathmandu and later became a Cabinet Minister. Later,
he became one of the main leaders advocating for democracy in Nepal.
— Singh made major
contributions to Nepal. He was the leader of anti-Rana Movement in 2007 B.S. as
well as the leader of Nepali Congress. He gave continuous efforts for the
establishment of democracy over the autocratic rule of Ranas. He was the
commander of the Mass Movement-I (2046 B.S.) but this Mass Movement couldn't to
bring democracy in Nepal. However, Ganesh Man Singh's continued effort led to
multi-party democracy's establishment in Nepal. He died on 2nd of Ashwin 2054
B.S at Kathmandu.
b.
Do you think there is a racial /caste discrimination in our country? Discuss
with your friend: write a five minute speech.
— Distinguished
chairperson, reverend guest and my dear
friends,
— Today, I am
expressing my few words on the topic Racial discrimination.
— Have you ever
judged people because they are from a certain country or belongs to a certain
race? If you haven’t been through this, just imagine how would you like it? Not
even a bit, right? So, if we don’t like it, we should never do it to someone
else.
— Racism can raise
its ugly head in many places. It may occur in an active way or a passive way.
It may be by exclusion, leaving people who are different out of social
groups and gatherings, not considering their views and experiences, outcasting
them aside, calling them names and insulting them.
— Discrimination
haunts many people worldwide. It can make their life worse, full of pain and
struggle. It not only breaks hearts but also wants to make people give up in
progressing at work or socially. Loss of a job, loss of promotion, and such
events can destroy morale. They can become reasons for venting out of everyday
frustration and aggression. Legal systems are evolving all the time and in more
advanced countries there are legal instruments of protection in place.
— I shall finish
my speech with the sage words 0f Nelson
Mandela (1994):
— “No one is born
hating another person because of the colour of his skin, or his background, or
his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they
can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than
its opposite.”
Grammar : Should and had better
— Should
— - used to give
advice and suggestions/ to mean that you expect something to happen in the
future
— My brother told
me he's on his way. He should be here soon.
— Had better
— –used to
give strong advice with bad consequences (warning)
— You had better give up smoking or you'll die.
B. Complete the
sentences with should or shouldn't. Use one of these verbs. [drink, visit, leave, roam, quit]
a.
You have really done a wonderful job. I recommend you …… it.
-You have really done a wonderful job. I recommend you shouldn’t
quit it.
b.
That's a very dangerous area. Tourists …… there.
-That's a very dangerous area. Tourists shouldn’t visit there.
c.
I'm going to be late. Do you think I …… now?
-I'm going to be late. Do you think I should
leave now?
d.
Children …… sugary drinks. It's not very healthy.
-Children shouldn’t
drink sugary drinks. It's not very healthy.
e.
I have lots of homework. I …… here and there today.
-I
have lots of homework. I shouldn’t roam here and there
today.
C. Put in had
better or should.
a. I think you
…… learn English to enroll a university course.
-I think you should learn English to enroll a university course.
b. It's a great film. You …… go and see it.
It's a great film. You should go and see it.
c. I have to meet my friend in ten minutes. I …… go now or I'll be late.
-I have to meet my friend in ten minutes. I had better go now or I'll be late.
d. These biscuits are delicious. You …… try one.
— These biscuits are delicious. You should try one.
e. We …… get to the airport by 2 pm or else we may miss the flight.
— We had better get to the airport by 2 pm or else we may miss the flight.
f. When people are driving, they …… keep their eyes on the road.
— When people are driving, they should keep their eyes on the road.
g. I …… get up early tomorrow. I've got a lot to do.
— I should get
up early tomorrow. I've got a lot to do.
· Sub+ should/ought to+ v1…….
· Why don’ t + you +v1……?
· Sub+ ‘d better +v1……
· If I were you, I’d +v1…….
Try + ing
Why
don’t you try +v4…..?
Have
you tried +v4….?
1.
I
don’t seem to be able to loose weight.
2.
I’ve
hiccups for the last half hour.
3.
I
can’t get to sleep at night.
4.
I
can’t unscrew the lid of this pot of jam.
5.
I’m
in madly in love with Jene, but she won’t even look at me.
6.
My car won’t start.
7.
I missed my class.
8.
My wife has left me.
9.
I have lost my bank cheque book.
10. We can’t
control our 16 year old son.
(All Images Credit: Google Images)
Any Queries...?
Comments
Post a Comment