Grade : 12 (NEB) C. English : Question No. 8 (All in One)

NEB 

Grade : 12 C. English : Question No. 8 (All in One) 

By Pustak Verma

Sound System in English

      Vowel Sounds: 

     Vowel sounds are speech sounds produced with an open vocal tract, where the airflow is unobstructed and the tongue, lips, and other articulatory organs do not create a significant constriction.

     These sounds are typically produced without any friction in the vocal tract or air passes through the mouth without blockage. 

1. Monophthongs

•     Monophthongs are pure vowels which provide a single sound while pronouncing the words.
•      12 Pure Vowels or Monophthongs in English.

S.N.	Sound	Examples	Spelling
1.	/i:/  ई	as in- see, heed, me, need, be, keep, deep, these, thief, seen, key	ea, ee, ie, ey
2.	/ɪ/ इ	as in - sit, with, this, if, think, link, wink, city , economics	i, y, e
3.	/ʊ/ उ	as in  - put, boot, put, look, woman, hook, nook, book	u, oo
4.	/u:/ ऊ	as in – too, you, new, who, shoe	oo, ui, oe, ou
5.	/e/ ए	as in – bet, get, when, well, very, bed, said, head	e, ea, ai
6.	/æ/ य	as in – cat, hat, have, that, as, can, sad, bad, bag	a
7.	/ɔ:/ ओ	as in -  or, also, more, call, all, mall	all, aw, ou, o
8.	/ɑ:/ आ	as in –  car, start, ask, large, after, arm, pass , calm	a
9.	/ɜ:/ आ	as in – her, work, learn, word, burn, turn firm	ir, ear, ur, er, or
10.	/ə/ अ	as in – about, alike, accept, doctor	a, or, ar, er
11.	/ʌ/ अ	as in – cut, cup, but, up, one, much, son, sun, mother, hut	u, o
12.	/ ɒ / अ	as in – top, of, on, from, not	o

2. Diphthongs :

• Diphthongs are articulated with one sound and blended with another and they can be uttered  through the use of two consecutive vowels.
• 8 Diphthongs in English.

SN	Sounds	Examples	Spelling
1.	/aɪ/  अइ	as in - light, might, buy, time, eye, my, cry, like	i, y
2.	/əʊ/  अउ	as in - no, low, slow, boat, loan, though, boat, most, go	oa, o
3.	/eɪ/ एइ	as in - play, day, they, great, steak, pain,	ay, ey, ei, ai,ey, ea
4.	/aʊ/ अउ	as in - out, about, round, house, found, cow, town	o, ou, ow
5.	/ɪə/ इअ	as in - ear, near, year, tear, pier	ere, ear. ier
6.	/eə/ एअ	as in - air, fair, hair, lair, dare, chair, there	ere, air, are
7.	/ɔɪ/ ओइ	as in - boy, joy, oil, boy, roil, coy, soil, noise	oy, oi
8.	/ʊə/  उअ	as in - sure, pure, cure, poor,	ure, oor

Consonant Sounds :

• Consonant sounds are speech sounds produced by creating a partial or complete obstruction of the airflow through the vocal tract.
• 24 Consonant Sounds in English.
• Here they are, categorized by their place and manner of articulation:

SN	Sounds	Examples (Initial, Middle, Final)	Spelling
1.	/p/ प	- as in pen, pair, cup, apple,	p
2.	/b/ ब	- as in bat, bad, crab, table, tab, bag	b
3.	/t/ ट	- as in top, tall, hit, ten, hotel, cat	t
4.	/d/ ड	- as in  dog, dark, head, middle, bad	d
5.	/k/ क	- as in  crab, lack, cat, maker, stomach	k, ch, q, s, cc, ck, c
6.	/g/ ग	- as in good, tag, beggar, beg	g
7.	/f/ फ	- as in fine, wife, fan, suffer, rough	f, ph, gh
8.	/v/ भ	- as in   vet, very, above, van, travel, cave	v
9.	/θ/ थ	as in -  think, thing, both, bathing	th
10.	/ð/ द	as in – this, father, they brother, breathe	th, the
11.	/s/ स	as in – sit, saw, house, see, past	s, c
12.	/z/ ज (मोटो)	as in – zip, zap, goes, was,  business	z, s
13.	/ʃ/ श	as in – she, shape, push, washing	sh, tion, s
14.	/ʒ/ ज	as in – measure, pleasure, beige, genre, closure, garage	s, ge
15.	/h/ ह	as in – hear, ahead, head, perhaps	h
16.	/tʃ/ च	as in – church, cherry, match, check, future, catch	ch, ture, tch
17.	/dʒ ज (पातलो)	as in – judge, raj, jug, edge	j, g, dg
18.	/m/ म	as in – man, team	ma, m
19.	/n/ न	as in – no, nail, tan	no, na
20.	/ŋ/ ङ	as in – sing, ring, singer	ing
21.	/l/ ल	as in – love, let, tail	l, lo
22.	/r/ र	as in – right, scary	ri , r
23.	/w/ व	as in – wet, away	we, wa
24.	/j/ य	as in – you, young	y, yo

Based on the pronunciation, find the odd word from the following groups.

1.  sell, cell, see, set - see
2.  stopped, laughed, saved, booked – saved
3.  hare, mere, beer, here – hare
4.  so, sew, sow, saw – saw
5.  book, food, pool, tool –book
6.  fan, jam, past, van – past
7.  sell, cell, sale, said – sale
8.  howl, bowl, fowl, growl – bowl
9.  learn, verb, turn, torn –torn
10.   poor, sure, door, dog -sure

 Some Important Questions :

1. Which of the following words possesses /u:/ sound? 
    a. moon      b. wood      c. book      d. good     

        moon /muːn/   wood: /wʊd/   book: /bʊk/    good: /ɡʊd/

2. Which of the following has distinct initial sound? 

    a. play       b. pray      c. tray        d. ply)         – tray-/t

3. How many syllabuses are there in word 'connected'?  

   a. one        b. two        c. three     d. four    - three syllables: con-nect-ed

4. Choose the correct spelling? 

         a. satre        b. stare       c. trase      d. none of these are correct    - star

     5. I visited her parents once in a blue moon.  It means I …… 

         a. visited often     b. visited rarely     c. visited in a lunar day    d. none of the above                     – visited rarely

      6. Which of the following words has voiced consonant sound?

         a. washed           b. gloves   c. coats         d. watched                                                                   - gloves /g/ only voiced consonant sound.

Voiced Consonants:

• b (as in "ball")
• d (as in "dog")
• g (as in "go")
• v (as in "van")
• z (as in "zebra")
• dz (as in "judge")
• l (as in "light")
• m (as in "man")
• n (as in "nose")
• r (as in "red")
• w (as in "wet")
• y (as in "yes")
• ð (as in "then")

Voiceless Consonants:

• p (as in "pen")
• t (as in "top")
• k (as in "cat")
• f (as in "fan")
• s (as in "sun")
• ʃ (as in "ship")
• tʃ  (as in "church")
• h (as in "hat")
• θ (as in "thin")

7.       Which of the following words has distinct initial consonant sound? 

      a. Thames         b. Thin         c. Thomas   d. Thank

        (Thames: /θɛmz/, Thin: /θɪn/, Thank: /θæŋk/, Thomas: /tɒməs/)
8.       How many syllables are there in word ‘wonderful’?                                                       a. one        b. two        c. three     d. four     - three syllables: won-der-ful.

9.       Choose the correct spelling?

       a. Ninety         b. ninty        c. ninaty         d. none of these are correct    - Ninety
10.    I love her head over heal. It means I ………. 

      a. hate her    b. love her too much       c. love her head and heel    d. simply love her           - 'love her too much'  means completely and intensely in love.

11. Which of the following words has a different vowel sound? 

    a. van    b. jam    c. trap   d . palm           

- palm. (van, jam, trap: short "a" sound as /æ/ palm: a broad "a" sound, as /ɑː/)

12.  The initial sound in the word ‘teacher’ is transcribed as:….. (/ʃ/, /tʃ/, /t/, /θ/)           - /tʃ/.

13. She was sent to……..for ten years for the offence she has committed. 

      a. goal     b. gaol   c. court   d.  country                                            – gaol

14.  ‘Tramp’ comes after ‘Troop’ in dictionary because ……..come before ‘o’ in alphabets. 

       a. a    b. t    c. r    d.  m                                 –a

15. The case is urgent. I will ………... matter immediately. 

    a. look down   b. look into   c. look for  d. look up  

      - look into. means investigate or examine a matter. 

       -look down: to consider oneself superior,   

       - look into: to investigate or examine something, 

       - look for: to search for something or someone,  

       - look up: to search for information in a reference book or online.

16. Which of  the following doesn’t have /æ/ sound? 

     a.ham     b. ban    c. pan     d. fast

      /æ/ is the "short a" sound, as in "cat." - "ham," "ban," and "pan" all have the /æ/ sound.  

        "fast" has  the /ɑː/ sound which is a different vowel sound.

17. Which of the following words possesses /u:/ sound? 

    a. cut    b. cup    c. cute    d.but

    /u:/ is the "long oo" sound, as in "food." 

    "cut," "cup," and "but" all have the /ʌ/ sound, which is a short vowel sound.

    "cute" has the /ju:/ sound, which contains the /u:/ sound.

18. Which of the following words has /dz/ initial sound? 

   a. judge            b. zap           c. zoo      d. gauge

      /dʒ/ is the "j" sound, as in "jump."

      "judge" begins with the /dʒ/ sound.

       "zap" begins with the /z/ sound. "zoo" begins with the /z/ sound. 

       "gauge" begins with the /ɡ/ sound.

19. Which of following words has/  / sound in the beginning? 

      a. this           b. think        c. thought        d. Thomas

     "this" begins with the /ð/ sound.

      "think" and "thought" begin with the /θ/ sound, "Thomas" begins with the /t/ sound.

20. The …..(boy, boys, boy’s, boy) are playing.   - boys

21.  (Hema’s, Hemas’, Hema, Hemas)…… parents are quite educated. – Hema’s

22. Put either suffix or prefix to ‘loyal, play, do, child’ form a new word.

• loyal: disloyal (prefix), loyalty (suffix)
• play: replay (prefix), player (suffix), playing (suffix)
• do: redo (prefix), doing (suffix), done (suffix)
• child: childish (suffix), childhood (suffix)

23. I just can’t believe it! The story is …… believable! (complete the sentences by writing the correct prefix in the blank space dis-, in-, mis-, un-, under-)         – un- Unbelievable

24. He often plays trumpet. (which part of  speech is the underlined word in the sentence? 

    a. noun   b.pronoun  c. verb  d. adjective - Pronoun

25. Do you like dogs?  Which part of the speech is the underlined word in the sentence? 

     a.noun  b.pronoun  c.verb d. adverb       - Noun

26. They listen to music every day. Which part of speech is the underlined word in the sentence?           a. noun   b.pronoun c. verb  d. adverb -- adjective

27. She is an old lady. Which part of speech is the underlined word in the sentence?

     a. noun    b. pronoun    c. adjective     d. adverb - adjective

28.  The group went climbing in the mountains. Which part of speech is the underlined word in the sentence? 

     a. noun   b. conjunction   c.adjective  d.adverb    - noun

29. There ……… plenty of examples to explain this point. 

     a.. is    b. are     c. was   d. were       -are

30.   No news …..good news.  be:      a. is  b. are   c. was  d. were          -is

31.    Measles ……disease.  be:          a. is     b.are   c. was   d.were            -is

32.   This pair of trousers ……. Me sixty rupees.  cost:     a. cost    b. costs    c. costing  d. costed -cost

33.   Sheep ….. us wool. give:         a. gives  b. gave  c. giving   d. give        -give

34.  Maya …… since morning.      a. is working  b. works   c.has been working  d. has worked

35.   I ….. in the garden, when he arrived.  

        a.am working   b. was working  c. worked  d. had been working     (was/were + v4 +when +v2)

36.   I ……. in the garage for three hours when John called. 

       a. have been working  b. was working   c. had been working   d.worked

37.   I ……. my exam this time next week. 

        a. will be writing   b.will write   c. would be writing  d.will have written

38.   They had already left by the time I ……. Home. 

     a. reached   b.have reached   c.had reached  d.have been reaching

39. Which of the following words has a different initial consonant sound?

      a. check     b. chess      c. chairperson   d. chemical   : Chemical

   ·  "check," "chess," and "chairman" all begin with the /tʃ/ sound.

   ·  "chemical" begins with the /k/ sound.

40.   The last sound in the word ‘push’ is transcribed as :    a. /ʃ/       b. /z/    c. /s/   d. /tʃ/  : "push" is: /pʊʃ/  -/ʃ/

41.   I can’t  …….  the pain.  a. bare      b. bear        c. beer       d. bore     : bear

42.    Which word would you find in a dictionary that comes between the guide words: kiwi ….. knit ?  a. king     b. kitty     c. knob    d. knife : knife

43.   The babysitter ……the girl while her parents were not at home.                                      a. looked after  b. looked at   c. looked over  d. looked up :looked after – take care

44.   Which of the following words has a different final sound? (brushed, glanced, looked, filled) :    ·  brushed: /t/ ·  glanced: /t/  ·  looked: /t/ ·  filled: /d/

45.  You went  for a long run this morning. The word ‘run’ in this sentence is: (noun, verb, adverb, adjective) : Noun

46.   Which one of the following words does not take the prefix ‘im-‘?  (pure,  fertile, moral, proper) : pure

47.   Which one of the following words comes between ‘examples’ and ‘exchange’ in the dictionary entry? (excavate, examine, excite, exclude) : examine

48.   The administration has officially asked transportation employees to …..their demonstration. (call on, call off, call at, call for) : call off –to cancel  (·  call on: To visit someone  ·  call off: to cancel something. ·  call at: to make a short visit to a place  ·  call for:  to demand  something)

49.   Which of the following words has a different final consonant sound? (eyes, rise, price, dies) : ·  eyes, rise, and dies end with the /z/ sound.  ·  price ends with the /s/ sound.

50.   Which of the following words is correctly spelt? (forign, foreign, foreign, foregin)

51.  Which of the following words is synonymous with word ‘stop’? (cease, eliminate, commend, commence) : ·  cease: to bring or come to an end; stop.  ·  eliminate: to completely remove or get rid of.  ·  commend: to praise formally or officially.  ·  commence: to begin; start.

52.    Which of the following words comes between ‘minimum’ and ‘minister’? (minimart, minimize, minstrel, miniseries)

53.  ‘I was nervous about my English exam, but I passed with flying colours.’ Which of the following refers to the idioms underlined in this sentence? (scored mixed grades, scored low grades, scored high grades, scored average grades)

54.  All the people at the school, including the teachers and …….were glad when summer break came. (students:  students,  students; students) : students

55.  Sit up straight……………    (: .  , ?) - . (period)

56.  They asked what time the department store would open …….   (? . , ; )  - . (period)

57.  Who do you think win the contest……. (. ! ? , ) -? (question mark)

58.  To …… , Anne was on time for her math class. (everybody’s surprise, every body’s surprise, everybodys surprise, everybodys’ surprise)

Quarter of Dictionary:

        ·        a-d = First Quarter

        ·        e-l = Second Quarter

        ·        m –r = Third Quarter

        ·        s- z = Fourth / Last Quarter

59.   In which quarter of dictionary will you find the following words? (narrative,  welfare, bystander, gelatine)

60.  In which quarter of dictionary will you find the following words? (hungry, ring, thumb, finger)

61.   In which quarter of dictionary will you find the following words? (signatory, contingency, elegantly, opportunity)

62 .    In which quarter of dictionary will you find the following words? (paint, cheerful, yawn, loud)

63.   I would rather have coffee …….tea. (instead of, instead from, instead to)

64.   …… the rains, we went out. (in spite of, in spite, in spite on)

65.   …. fire, break glass to escape. ( in case of, in case, in case with)

66.    I am standing here …… my friends. (in behalf of, on behalf of, on behalf of)

67.   We solved the problem ….. a new device developed by our engineers.       ( by means of, be means, by means to )

68.   Which of the following pairs of words has a similar vowel sound? (beer, bear / hear, hare / near, there / care, pair)

69.   Keeping away from learning will definitely ….one’s complexities in future. Identify one the following words that takes the suffix “-en” when it is changed into a verb and completes the sentence. (bright, gold, deep, short)

70.   The prompt decision of the court stopped the municipality from lagging behind. Which of the following words is opposite in meaning to the word “prompt”? (immediate,  timely, instant, delayed)

60.   Which of the following words has a different vowel sound from the rest? (shoot, to, should, food) – should ( other words have long /u:/ but should has short / ʊ /

61.    Now, you can have a go without any delay, in this sentence the word ‘go’ is a ……………. (noun, verb, adjective, adverb) : noun

62.   The children who undergo extreme poverty generally stand firm even in hardships. The word ‘undergo’ in this sentence has a meaning similar to…… (to go under, to escape, to deviate, to experience)

63.   Which of the following can be the guide words for the word ‘medicine’? (mediocre/ medium,  median/ medical, mediate/ megaphone, Medicaid/ meeting)

64.  The burglar (thief) was finally bought to the book by the high court. In this sentence, the phrase ‘brought to the book’ means ……. (defended, released, penalized, forgave) – penalized -to be published by stealing   

65.   Which of the following words have same vowel sound? (but, dog, torn, sun)  : ·  but: /bʌt/ - ‘ uh’  ·  dog: /dɒɡ/ -‘ o’  ·  torn: /tɔːrn/  - ‘or’  ·  sun: /sʌn/ - ‘uh’  :but/ sun 

66       Put appropriate suffixes in the following root words. (perfect, service) : ( Perfection, perfectly, perfected, serviceable, services) 

67.       Sabita can’t ……a  baby. (bare, bear, born, beer) :bear  

68.  Make a sentence using the given phrasal verb : ‘break into’  : The thieves tried to break into the jewellery shore last night.  

69.       Write adjective and noun forms of the root word ‘collect’. (Adjective: collectible/ Noun: collection, collector)  

70.       Which of the following words has the same initial sound as the word ‘cosmopolitan’?  a. chimney    b. caretaker   c. citrus d.cinematography     ·  cosmopolitan: The initial sound is /k/     ·  chimney: The initial sound is /tʃ  ·  caretaker: The initial sound is /k/ ·  citrus: The initial sound is /s/ ·  cinematography: The initial sound is /s/ (as in "suh").   

71. The guest has bought a beautiful present for my sister. The word ‘presetnt’ in the sentence is :   a. noun    b. verb   c. adverb   d. adjective   

72. Which of the following words comes between  ‘rectify’ and ‘redial’ in the dictionary entry?  a. rectangle  b. reconsider  c .referee d. redeem   

73. Which of  the following suffixes  goes with the word ‘colloquial’ to produce a new word?     a. –hood   b.-ic    c. –ly     d. –ion    - -ly    : the suffix -ly The word "colloquially"    

74. It’s lovely watching my children …….. a. grew up  b. grow up  c. grows up  d. grown up  : grow up    

75. Which of the following words does not have the prefix ‘in-‘?  a.independent  b.inactive c. instrument   d. inability   : instrument      

76. Which of the  following words has a different pronunciation?                                  a.so   b. sew    c. sow    d. saw   

·  so: /soʊ/ (long "o" sound)   ·  sew: /soʊ/ (long "o" sound)   ·  sow: /soʊ/ (long "o" sound)  ·  saw: /sɔː/ (a broader "aw" sound)   

77. What guide words would you look between in the dictionary to find the word ‘CAMCORDER’?   a.calf- camp    b. campground- capital   c.car-carry  d. cart-cat   . campground- capital    

78. I’m sorry, they aren’t  staying in this hotel any more. They …..this morning.    

     a. checked in   b. checked out   c. checked on    d. checked off   - checked out    

79.  Which of the following words has a different final sound? 

    a.cats  b. boys c. girls  d. houses   

    ·  cats: The final sound is /s/. ·  boys: The final sound is /z/. ·  girls: 

      The final sound is /z/.  ·  houses: The final sound is /z/.   

80. The initial sound in the word ‘maple’ is transcribed as …. 

     a.  /m/    b. /n/  c. /p/    d. /s/   - .  /m/   

81. Prices seem to ……….every year.     a. raise    b. rise    c. raised   d. rose  

82.The word ‘attire’ means …….  

  a .extremely good   b. clothes, especially fine or formal ones      

  c. thin and easily torn     d. clear 

83.  My car ……… while I was  driving.      

 a. broke up   b. broke  off   c. broke down    d. broke in  : broke down -stopped working    

84.   In a dictionary, which one of the following words does not come between guidewords ‘heated’ and ‘hectare’? 

  a. heart   b. heater   c. heaven  d. hectic.    : hectic

85.    I ‘fell in with’ a stranger while I was walking down the street. In this sentence, the phrase ‘left in with’ nearly means that the speaker ……  

a. knocked down the stranger    b.met the stranger accidently    

c. fell in love with the stranger     d. saw the stranger   

: met the stranger accidently- meet someone by chance

86.   Which of the following words has different initial consonant sound? 

 a.knit  b. gnaw   c. gnash    d. snore     (knit: The "k" is silent. starts with the "n" sound,  gnaw: The "g" is silent. starts with the "n" sound,  gnash: The "g" is silent. starts with the "n" sound  snore: The "s" is pronounced. starts with the "s" sound)  : Snore

87.   They usually weed the flower beds and water them in the morning.  In this sentence,  the word ‘water’ is a /an…….. 

a.. noun    b. verb    c. adjective    d. adverb  

88.   Mr. Thompson is really good at conjuring  so much that people enjoy how his quick flips seem to make coins appear and disappear. In this sentence, the word ‘conjuring’ is similar in meaning to ……. 

a. creating humour   b. doing tricks   c. frightening someone   d. confusing someone

:Conjuring : doing tricks/ performing magic tricks

89.   Choose the likely guidewords for headword ‘grunt’…..  

a. grudge/grungy   b. gruel/ grumble   c. gruff/ guard   d. grubby/ grumpy  

90.   The argument between the two friends continued for long but finally one of them gave in as his points sounded too weak. In this sentence, the phrase ‘gave in’ is close in meaning to …..   

a. admitted  b. conquered     c. rejected    d. defended   

91. Which of the pair of words have same initial vowel sound?  

 a. ago/ alive  b. verb/ fern    c. born/ torn    d. alive/ derive   

: ago/ alive -same initial vowel sound /ə/.

92.   Which of the following root words carry suffix ‘fy’?   

  a.parent   b. simple  c. problem   d. easy  : simplify

93.   The word ‘attire’ is associated with ……

 a. formal dress  b. college dress    c. causal dress    d. informal dress    :   formal dress  

94.   The girl will  certainly ‘spill the beans’ in  front of the police. Which of the following has similar meaning to ‘spill the beans’ in this sentence?   

a. arrive at wrong time                      b. reveal the secret   

c. to make unkind remarks about someone.    d. to praise one’s own achievement

spill the beans : reveal the secret / disclose a secret 

95. Which of the following is the noun of the root word “pollute”?  

 a.pollution   b. polluted   c. polluting   d. pollution  : pollution

96.  Which of the following word has  different final sound?  

 a. rough  b. tough   c. though   d. calf

: "Rough," "tough," and "calf" all end with an /f/ sound. "Though" ends with an /oʊ/ sound.    

97.    I got  a beautiful  present in my birthday. The word ‘present’ in this sentence is …..   

a. adjective  b. adverb   c. verb    d. noun  :  Noun    

98.   Which one of the following words has a prefix?       

  a. unity  b. under   c. union      d. unfair     : unfair  

99.  Which one of the following words comes between ‘bore’ and ‘brace’ in the dictionary entry?   

a. border   b. bracelet   c. box   d. boost   : border   

100.  Nothing can ….. for the loss of a child. Which of the following phrasal verbs completes this sentence?    

  a. make up  b. make over   c. make off   d. make into   : make up  

Idioms and Phrases

Some Significant Idioms and Phrases with their respective meanings and proper sentences :

a. Bite teh bullet :  To face  a difficult  situation with courage and determination.

    - I knew I had to bite the bullet and tell my parents I crashed the car.

b.  Break a leg : good luck 

   - I know you're nervous about your interview. I wish you go ahead and  break a leg.

c. Piece of cake :  Very easy; requiring little effort. 

   -The exam was a piece of cake; I finished it in no time.

d. Let the cat out of bag:  to disclose a secret, to reveal information 

   -Please don't let the cat out of the bag; it's supposed to be a secret.

e. Kill two birds with a stone :   to achieve two objectives with a single effort.

  - He decided to exercise while listening to his language learning podcast, killing two birds with one stone.

f. Hit the nail on the head : to express something perfectly

  - The manager hit the nail on the head during the meeting, identifying the core problems.

g. Break the ice :  To initiate interaction for making people feel more comfortable.

   -He told a funny joke to break the ice at the meeting.

h. Don't judge a book by its cover : not to  judge someone or something based soley on appearances.

-He seemed shy and quiet at first, but don't judge a book by its cover; he's actually very funny and outgoing.

i.Caught between a rock and a hard place :  Meaning: a situation where one has to choose between two equally difficult options. 

j. Cost an arm and a leg :  something is extremely expensive. 

k. Let the cat out of the bag :   Meaning: to revealing a secret or confidential information prematurely. 

l. When pigs fly :  Meaning: something is highly unlikely or improbable to happen. 10. "Barking up the wrong tree":   Meaning: making false assumptions

Phrasal Verbs :

Phrasal verbs along with their meanings and use in sentences: 

a. "Turn off": To stop the operation. 

    Example: Please turn off the lights before leaving the room. 

b. "Bring up": To mention or introduce a topic into a conversation.  

    Example: She brought up the issue of funding during the meeting. 

c. "Take off": To remove or to become airborne. 

    Example: The plane will take off in 15 minutes. 

d. "Put on": To wear or to apply something.  

    Example: Don't forget to put on your coat before going outside. 

e. "Look after": To take care of someone or something. 

    Example: Can you look after my dog while I'm on vacation?

f. "Break down": To stop working or functioning properly. 

    Example: My car broke down on the way to work. 

g. "Get along": To have a good relationship with someone. 

    Example: I get along well with my colleagues at work. 

h. "Bring back": To return or to cause someone to remember something from the past.   Example: This song brings back memories of my childhood. 

i. "Set up": To arrange or prepare something.

     Example: We need to set up the meeting room before the guests arrive.

j. "Turn on": To start or activate something.  

    Example: She turned on the TV to watch her favorite show.

Punctuation marks.

Put the correct punctuation marks. 

a. Sit up straight………(i.; ii. . ii. , iv. ?)  

b. They asked what time the department store would open……( i.; ii. . ii. , iv. ?)

c. Who do you think will win the contest...  (i.; ii. .ii., iv.?)  

d. This is absolutely incredible…                 ( i.! ii. . ii. , iv. ?) 

e. To ……, Jene was on time for her  English class.     (i. everybody’s surprise ii. every body’s surprise     iii. everybods surprise iv. everybodys’ surprise)

f. In Laxmi Prasad Devekota’s …….. Devekota describes poverty compels to conduct dreadful tasks in life. 

(i. semi-epic, “Muna Madan,” ii. semi-epic Muna Madan, iii. semi epic, Muna Madan iv. semi-epic, “muna Madan,”)

Prefix and Suffix

Make at least five words using the prefixes given. 

a. pre- prefix, precise, prejudice, preview, precaution 

b. semi- semiannual, semicircle, semipublic, semiformal, semiweekly, semidesert, semiliquid. 

c. sub- subject, submerge, subcontinent, submariane, submerge, subdued, subheading, subtract 

d. mis-  mismatch, misspell, misdeeds, mismanaged, mistrust, misjudged, mislaid, 

e. mono- monochrome, monogamy, monogram, monograph, monolingual, monologue, mononucleosis, monopoly, monosyllable, monotonous 

f. un- unable, unclear, unfinished, unworried, unfriendly, undecided, untruth 

g. in- involve, invent, insignificant, insane, inexpensive, intend, incomplete 

h. inter-. Intercept, interchange, interactive, interact, intercourse, interfere, intermingle, internet

Word Class (Parts of Speech)

Classify the underlined words into different word classes.

a. The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend. 

b. I bought a round table in the supermarket. 

c. Alas, she is dead. 

d. Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy. 

e. I have never been to Japan. 

Answer: -

a. Who (conjunction) -wearing ( verb) -my(pronoun) 

b. Round ( preposition) -the (determiner)  

c, Alas (interjection) -is (verb)  

d. Hard (adjective) -but (conjunction) -wife (noun) -very (adverb) 

e, Never (adverb) -to (preposition)

Noun Number  & Verb Conjugation

Exercise: 

a. There …. plenty of examples to explain this point. i. is ii. are iii. was iv. were 

b. No news…..good news. i. is ii. are iii. was iv. were 

c. Measless……..disease. i. is ii. are iii. was iv. were 

d. This pair of trousers…… me sixty rupees. i. cost ii.costs iii.costing  iv. costed

e. Sheep……  us wool. i. gives ii. gave iii.giving iv.give 

f. Where …….the scissors? i. is ii. are iii. was iv. were 

g. Kashmir……a large number of tourists every year. 

i. attract ii.attracive iii.atracted iv. attracts

Answer:

 a.  are b. is c. is d.  cost e.  give f.  are g.  attracts 

Exercise :

a. Jamuna ……since morning.

    i. is working ii.works iii.has been working iv. had been working 

b. …………in the garden, when he arrived.

    i.am working ii.was working iii.worked iv.had been working 

c. I …….in the garage for three hours when Jack called.    

    i. have been working    ii.was working    iii.had been working  iv.worked 

d. I …………….my exam this time next week.     

    i.will be writing   ii.will write    iii.would be writing   iv.will have written 

e. They had already left by the time I …..home.        

    i.reached   ii.have reached  iii.had reached  iv. I have been reaching 

f. I’m hungry. I ….you something to eat.    

    i.am getting   ii.will get  iii. Will be getting  iv. I will have got 

g. Jastin…….lovely songs.

    i. writes ii. write iii. written iv.nothing 

h. We …..often go to the cinema.

    i.don’t ii. doesn’t iii.haven’t iv. aren’t

Synonyms & Antonyms

                        

    Words                     Synonyms                        Antonyms

a. Abundance-         plenty/ sufficinnt                scarcity/ lack

b. Acquire-              obtain/ attain                        lose/ give up

c. Ambitious-         aspiring/ driven                    unambitious/ laid-back

d. Authentic-         genuine/ real                        fake/ counterfelt

e. Beautiful-         Attrative/ stunning                ugly/ hideous

f. Big-                   large/ huge                            small/ tiny

g. Brave-               courageous/ fearless             cowardly/ timid

h. Difficult-         challenging/ hard                   easy/ simple

i. Evaluate-          asses/ analyze                        ignore/ disregard

j. Exciting-            thrilling/ enthralling             boring/ dull

k. Generous-         Charitable/ benevolent         stingy/ selfish

l. Happy-             joyful/ delighted                     sad/ unhappy

m. Intelligent-       smart/ clever                         stupid/ ignorant

n. Important-         significant/ crucial                insignificant/ unimportant

o. Magnificent       splendid/ breathtaking          ordinary/ average

p. Resillent            pesistent/ tenacious              fragile/ weak

q. Inevitable          unavaoidable/certain            avoidable/ preventable

r. Innovative          creative/ inventive                conventional/ traditional

s. Tenacious           determined/ persistant          indifferent/ weak-willed

t. Understand        comprehend/ grasp                misunderstand/ misinterpret

 Choose the corect word from the pairs given:  

a. Don't disturb, the students are.......... examination now. (giving/ taking)

b. The proverb says, "As you ...... (so/sow), so shall you reap."

c. The leader says, "I am between the devil and the deep ........ (sea/see).

d. ......(excess/access) of anything is harmful.

e. It is good to buy mik products from a ....(diary/dairy)

f.  It is good to keep record in ....... (diary/ dairy)

g. Let's live in ....(peace/piece) and in harmony and a good relation among people.

h. How long did students ....(take/give) examination?

i.  It is always good to be ....... (quiet/quite) when we are not asked.

j. We must ....... (know/now) our history.

k. ..... (access/ excess) of anything is supposed to be harmful.

l. She has ...... five children. (born/ borne)

m. Cyanide is a ...... poison. (deadly/ deathly)

n. What  is the ...... of putting acid on wood? (affect/effect)

o.  Do not leave the bus until it is ...... (stationary/ stationery)

p.  His death has a serious  ....on them. (affect/ effect)

q.  She ...... her dress. (alters/ altars)

r.  Come and sit   .....  me. (beside/ besides)

s.  We should read  ........ books. (holy/ holey)

t. My doctor has a private  .... (practice/ practise)

u. Don't get off the bus until it is .........( stationary/ stationery)

v.  There were a few ........ sheet of papers on the table. ( lose/ loose)

w. She had some difficulty in understanding the ..... of acceleration. (principle/ prinicipal)

x.  He arraged to see her ....... in the day. (later/ latter)

y. Please, ....... him if  he needs it. (advise/ advice)

z.  As a student, your handwriting should not be ....(legible/  ilegible)

aa. Look! the students are ...... (giving/ taking) their examination. 

bb.  When will the new constitutiiono come into ........ (effect/ affect).

Answer:

a. taking   b. sow   c. sea    d. excess    e. dairy     f. diary    g. peace   h. take   i. quiet    j. know     k. excess    l. borne    m. deadly    n. effect   o. stationary   p. effect     q. alters    r. beside   s. holy       t. practice    u. stationary   v.  loose   w. priniple     x.  later    y. advise    z. ilegible     aa. taking     bb. effect

Spellings:

Commonly misspelled words:

Acquire                     Amateur                  Apparent                  Argument                  Atheist 

Beautiful                   Believe                   Colleague                 Committee                Conscience 

Consensus                 Definitely               Discipline                 February                   Foreign 

Forty                         Grammar                Grateful                    Height                       Hierarchy 

Humorous                 Hypocrisy              Immediately             Jealous                       Knowledge 

Leisure                      Millennium            Mischief                   Parallel                       Perceive 

Possession                 Pronunciation        Questionnaire           Receive                      Rhythm 

Ridiculous                 Separate                 Simultaneous            Stationery                 Tongue 

Unnecessary              Weird                     Zealous                    Accommodation       Embarrassment Exaggerate                Mediterranean       Occurrence               Privilege                   Unbelievable

Short Forms Used in Dictinery Entry

Noun- (n) 

Verb- (v) 

Adjective (adj.) 

Adverb (adv.) 

Preposition (prep.) 

Pronoun (pro.) 

Conjunction (conj.) 

Interjection (Interj.) 

Idiom (idm.)

Plural  (pl.)

Uncountable (U)

Opposite (OPP.)

Something (sth.)

Some Significant Singular and Plural Terms:

Write the plural forms of the following nouns: 

Singular   -   Plural

bacterium -  bacteria
calf – calves 

basis – bases 

sheaf – sheaves 

cactus - cacti / cactuses 

louse – lice 

crisis- crises 

person - people / persons 

formula- formulas / formulae 

ox- oxen 

fungus - fungi / funguses 

goose- geese 

oasis- oases 

analysis – analyses 

curriculum - curricula /curriculums 

appendix- appendixes / appendices

Some Extra Questions For Practice:

Set : 1 

A. The beauty of nature must be praised by all. Here the word beauty is a ….   

   a. noun    b. adjective     c. adverb   d. verb     : Noun   

B. Which one of the following words does not take the prefix ‘un-‘?    

 a. satisfy     b. attended    c. cultured   d. civilized     : attended 

C. Which of the following words has correct spelling?     

   a. writing     b. comming   c. puting      d. runing    :  writing  

D. The antonym of  ‘deficient’ is ………  

 a. faulty    b. perfect   c. short   d. scarce    :perfect  

E. Which of the following words has same vowel sound?    

 a.  sew/so   b. cat/men    c. kite/ rate    d. pan/pen   

      : sew/so   - same vowel sound –long ‘o’

Set: 2

A. Which of the following words has a different vowel sound?   a. play  b. day  c. trail  d. trial
: play /pleɪ/,  day /deɪ/,  trail /treɪl/,  trial /traɪəl/ -  The first three have the /eɪ/ diphthong, while "trial" has a different vowel sound. 
B. The initial sound in the word “chasm’ is transcribed as ……. a. /ʃ/  b.  /k/   c. /s/   d. / tʃ/    : The word "chasm" begins with the /k/ sound 
C. She has had a good ……  a. practice  b. practise  c. to practice    d.  practised   : practice
D. Which word would you find in the fourth quarter of a dictionary?   a. tutor  b. rumour  c. quick   d. money 
E. she is ……… writing emails.   a. accustomed     b. accustomed at   c. accustomed to  d. accustomed for   - accustomed to 

Set : 3
A. Neither he nor she   ……… (have/has/is/are) felt the regret of committing as excusable blunder.    : has  - verb agrees with the subject closest to it.
B.  Which  one of the following words has a different vowel sound? a. bread  b. break   c. deaf   d. said    : bread, deaf, and said:  have a short "e" sound, break: has a long "a" sound.
C. What is the root of the word ‘truthfulness’?   a. truth b. ful   c. ness d. true   : True
D. I was late in the class ………. Traffic jam.  a. because  b. since   c. owing to    d. as    : Owing to - means "because of" or "due to
E. Which is not true about “proximity” in the sentence “The best thing about the location of the school is its ‘proximity’ from my house?     a. nearness   b. vicinity    c. adjacency   d. distance     : Nearness- distance , vicinity
 
Set : 4
A.  Which is the initial consonant sound of the word ‘pneumonia’?  a.  /f/   b. /p/    c./n/  d. /m/    : /n/ -beginning of a word, the "p" is silent in pneumonia.
B. Definition of the term ‘liquidity’?
a. Liquidity is a company’s ability to raise cash when it needs.
b. Liquidity is a company’s ability to manage human resource.
c. Liquidity is a company’s ability to set up physical infrastructure.
d. Liquidity is a company’s ability to solve the problem of transformation.
: a. Liquidity is a company’s ability to raise cash when it needs.
C. Which of the following word has different vowel sound?   a. top   b. lot   c. job   d. torn    : top, lot, job: have the same vowel sound - short "o" sound,    torn: has a different vowel sound  a long "o" sound.
D. Define the word ‘Guide word’ ………..
a. A word printed at the bottom of a page indicating the first or last word entry on that page in the dictionary.
b. A word printed at the top of a page indicating the first or last word entry on that page in the dictionary.
c. A word printed at middle of a page indicating the first or last word entry on that page in the dictionary.
d. A word printed at the bottom of a page indicating the first or last word entry on that page in the dictionary.
: b. A word printed at the top of a page indicating the first or last word entry on that page in the dictionary.
E. The correct ‘prefix’ used in the word ‘motivate’ in ……. a. dis-   b. un-   c.de-    d. im-
: c. de-.demotivate
 
Set : 5
Complete the sentences with used to or would.
A. My sister …….. have short hair when she was young.
B. We …….. have lunch in the same school café when I was in middle school.
C. My father ……. play badminton before he had backbone problem.
D. When I was very  young, I ……. (not) like milk.
E. She …….call me after class for a chat.
A. used to  B. used to C. used to D. didn't use to E. would
 
Set : 6
Complete each sentence in an appropriate way.
A. He passed the exam although …………….
B. She climbed the mountain in spite of  her …………….
C. He didn’t give any alms to the beggars even though  ……….
D. In spite of  his poor eyesight, ……………….
E. ………….. though she is very sociable.
 
A. …he didn't study much.  B. …… injured leg.   C…. he had enough money.  
D. ….. he managed to read the newspaper.   E. ….she has very few close friends.

Set : 7
Add a suitable suffix to the root words given and write teh part of speech of each newly formed word. 

(Neighbour, Comfort, Shop, Husk, Squeamish)

 Root word              Suffix                   New Formed word

a. Neighbour            -hood           = Neighbourhood (N)

b. Comfort               -able             = Comfortable (Adj.)

c. Shop                    -er                 = Shopper (N)

d. Husk                    -y                 =Husky (N)

e. Squeamish           -ness            =Squeamishness (N)

Set : 8

Based on pronunciation, find teh odd word from the following groups:

a. sell        cell     see        set  = see

b. stopped   laughed      saved   booked =  saved

c. hare   mere   beer   here  = here

d. so   sew    sow saw = saw

e. book   food   pool   tool = tool

f. fan    jam    past   van = van

g. sell    cell   sale   said = said

h. howl    bowl     fowl      growl = growl

i. learn   verb turn   torn = torn

j. poor   sure    door    dog  = dog

Set : 9

Find out the number of syllables of the given words:

a. certificate         = 4 syllables

b. holiday            =   3       ,,

c. zoology            = 4      ,,

d. photographic    = 4     ,,

e. geography        = 4     ,,

f. curiosity            = 5    ,,

g. characteristics    = 5    ,,

h. paraphrase         = 3    ,,

i. paradoxically        = 5   ,,

j. territoriality           = 6     ,,

Set : 10

a. Write the number of  syllabus of the following words:  literature, zoology

b. Make two words using suffix: '-worthy'

c. Define the following terms: Portfolio, Precept

d.  Underline the content words in the given sentence: A brown fox jumps over the lazy dog quickly.

e. A …….is a free-swimming sexual form of a coelenterate such as a jellyfish, typically having an umbrella-shaped body with stinging tentacles around the edge.   

i. medusa         ii. sea horse                  iii. sea slug      

Set : 11
a. Write the number of syllabus of the following words: certificate, holiday, photographic, paradoxically, examination, curiosity                                                                 3
b.  Write the meaning of  the given words and use the words in the sentences of your own: Doodling, Precept  2

Set : 12
a.  Define the following terms related to cricket: wicket, power-play                       1
b. Make two words using suffix: '- able'                                                                     1
c. Make two words using prefix: 'multi-'                                                                    1
d. Divide the following words into two groups in accordance with their pronunciation /aɪ/ and /eɪ/.
Fine  Rein  Rail Shine                                                                                                             2
     

Set : 13
a. Write the adjectival forms of the following verbs.
impress, excite, irritate, upset, interest, surprise, offend, shock, attract, disgust

Set : 14
a. Define the following terms:                                                                                                2
recisim, lesbian, radical, patriarchy
b. Complete the chart:                                                                                                             3

• Verb	Noun	Adjective
  		committed
  	nurturance
  legitimize

 

Set : 15
a. Pair the following words as opposites.
(despair, kind, fresh, strange, normal, eccentric, cruel, hope, stale, familiar)

Set : 16
a. Write two words which contain sound/dʒ/.
b. Write the number of syllables of the given terms: mechanically, negotiation
c. Make sentences of your own using the given words:  persecution, remittance
d. Make two words using suffix: '-able'
e. Which are examples of punctuation marks?
i.  commas and full stops 
ii. dollar and pound signs 
iii. plus and minus signs 
iv. question marks and eye marks

 

Set : 17
a.  The shouting and clamour would continue until long after the train had left the station. What does the underlined word mean?
i. clapping        ii. music           iii. clapping      iv. train whistle
b. Make two words using suffix: '-less'
c. Find the odd word from the groups:  sell, cell, see, set
d. Give an advice to the person in the given situation using- 'should': Bimala has short of money.
e. Define the term 'Resume" in a sentence.

 

Set : 18
a. Write the number of the syllables of the given words: phenomenon, archeological
b. Underline the content words in the given sentence: Don't count your chicken before they are hatched.
c. Persons who are related to you and who live after you, such as your child or grandchild are called......
i. relatives        ii. descendants                        iii. siblings
d. Write the full form: CV, QR
e. Make two words using suffix: '-ment'

 

Set : 19

a. Make two words using prefix:  hyper-
 b. Use the word 'chronicle' in the sentence of your own.
 c. Which of the following words contain sound /uː/.
 (put, groom, food, hook)
 d. Change the term 'Pain' into adjective.
 e. Write the meanings of the given words: Metropolis, Entrepreneur

 

 

In Progress ......

• 
  

Any Queries.....?