NEB Grade:11 ( English) Unit-1 Education and Humanity- Education First- A Speech by Malala Yousafzai -(Part I)
NEB Grade:11 ( English) Unit-1 Education and Humanity- Education First- A Speech by Malala Yousafzai -(Part I)
Malala Yousafzai: About Her
Ø Malala Yousafzai, born on 12th
July 1997 in the Swet district of northwestern Pakistan, is a Pakistani
activist famous for Female Education and Human Rights and the youngest Novel
Prize laureate.
Ø On 9th October 2012, while on a bus in the Swat District,
after taking exam, Yousufzai and two other girls were shot by a Pakistani
Taliwan gunman in an assassination attempt in retaliation(harmful attempt) for
her activism and hit by a bullet and remained unconscious and critical
condition at the Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology, but her condition later
improved enough for her to be transferred to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in
Birmingham, UK where she lives today.
Ø The Nobel Peace Prize 2014- “ for their struggle against the suppression
of children and young people and for the right of all children education.”
Education First : About the speech
Ø She delivered this speech at United Nations Youth Assembly on 12 July,
2013 AD.
Ø She thanks everyone for their supports, care, love, prayers, wish cards,
inspirations and so on.
Ø She says that she one among thousands of people who have been killed by
the terrorists and millions who have been injured.
Ø She speaks not for herself but for all girls and boys.
Ø She says that the Taliban shot her
on the left side of her forehead on 9th October through bullet to
silence her but they failed and her silence came with thousands of voices.
Ø She speaks for the right of education of every child especially for the
sons and daughters of all the extremists, (revolutionists) the Taliban.
Ø She has learnt the compassion (sympathy) from Muhammad- the
prophet of mercy, Jesus Christ and Lord Buddha, inherited the legacy
(tendency) of change from Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and Muhammad Ali
Jinnah (Pakistan’s first Governor General till his death- leader of All-India
Muslim League until Pakistan’s Independence on 14th August 1947) and
the philosophy of non-violence from Gandhi jee, Bacha Khan (born in Pakistan
but a close friend of Mahatma Gandhi, an independent activist in colonial
India) and Mother Teresa.
Ø She supports the saying “The pen is mightier than sward” mentioning
that the extremists are afraid of books and pens so that they killed innocent
medical students, female teachers and others blasting schools everyday.
Ø She mentions that Pakistan is a peace-loving country and Islam is a
religion of peace, humanity and brotherhood which states not only each child
should get education but it is their duty and responsibility.
Ø She mainly stresses on women’s rights and girls’ education because they
are suffering the most.
Ø She requests the world leaders to protect women and children’s rights and
the government to ensure free compulsory education for every child all over the
world.
Ø She encourages all the women and sisters to work with full potential to
change the world.
Ø She initiates a global struggle against illiteracy, poverty and terrorism
through the most powerful weapons: books and pens to change the world.
Ways with words:
A.
Find the words from the text which mean the following.
a.
A messenger or representative,
especially one on a diplomatic mission-
b.
The state or quality of being worthy
of honor or respect-
c.
Harm done to someone in response to
harm -
d.
A person who holds extreme views in
political or religious matters.
e.
Sympathetic pity and concern for the
sufferings or misfortunes of others-
f.
A person who is believed to speak for
God-
g.
The study of the nature of knowledge,
reality and existence-
h.
The use of physical force so as to
injure, abuse, damage or destroy-
i. An unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things-
Answer:
a. envoy b. honourable c. revenge d. extremist
e. compassion f. prophet g. philosophy h. violence
i. hate
B. Match the words on the left with their opposite meanings on the right.
a.
Honour - i. Kindness
b.
Innocent - ii. Literacy
c.
Brutality- iii. Guilty
d.
Forgiveness- iv. Disgrace
e. Illiteracy v. Punishment
Answer:
a- iv b- iii c- i d- v e- ii
Comprehension
Answer the following questions.
a. Why did the speaker receive thousands
of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world?
b. According to the speaker, what are
hundreds of human rights activists and social workers struggling for?
c.
What has she learnt from Gandhi?
d.
In what sense is peace necessary for
education?
e.
According to the speaker, what are
the main problems faced by both men and women?
f.
What is Malala calling upon the
governments?
g.
What is the main message of this
speech?
Answer:
a.
The speaker received thousands of
good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world for her fast recovery and a
new life.
b.
According to the speaker, hundreds of
human rights activists and social workers are struggling for human rights,
goals of education, peace and equality.
c.
She has learnt the philosophy of
non-violence from Gandhi.
d.
Peace is necessary for education
because wars and conflicts stop children go to their school.
e.
According to the speaker, the main
problems faced by both men and women are poverty, injustice, racism and the
deprivation of basic rights.
f.
Malala is calling upon all
governments to ensure free education for every child all over the world.
g.
The main message of this speech is:
“Education is the only solution to change the world.”
Critical Thinking
a.
All children have right to quality
education. How can we ensure this right to every child? Discuss the role of
government and the parents to make sure that every child attend school.
§ All children have right to quality education. We can ensure this right to
every child in following ways:
Ø We should call upon the world leaders to change their strategies policies
in favour of peace and prosperity.
Ø We should call upon all the communities to be tolerant and reject all
prejudices existed in the society.
Ø We should talk for freedom and rights of children.
Ø We should launch awareness programmes to ensure everyone about
significance of education.
§ The government and the parents can play following roles to make sure that
every child attend school:
Ø The government must ensure the rights to children mentioned in Article
39, right to equality Article 18 and right to education Article 3, Part-3 of the constitution of Nepal-2072.
Ø The government should fight against terrorism and violence to protect
children from brutality and harm.
Ø Every parents must send their children to school and reject
discrimination between sons and daughters and so on.
Ø Everyone should get united for the cause of education and weapons of knowledge to change the world into a bright peaceful and secured future .
B. Do you think there is still discrimination between sons and daughter in terms of providing education in our country? What strategies do you suggest to overcome such discrimination against girls?
— Obviously, there still exists discrimination between sons and daughters
in terms of providing education in our country though some of the people are
beyond it. Following strategies can be suggested to overcome such existed
discrimination against girls:
Ø I think the government must ensure right to equality, right to women,
right to justice, right against
untouchability and discrimination and so on to every girls and women by
enacting strict policies so that they can get equal opportunities.
Ø NGOs INGOs and Local organizations should launch awareness progrmmes
showing great contributions of women such as Pasang Lhahmu, Sita, Brikuti,
Rajendra Laxmi, Jhamak Ghimire, and many others who have made for the nation
and helping people in eradicating discrimination between sons and daughters
from the society for better future.
c. A Chinese philosopher Confucious said, “If your plan is for one year,
plant rice; if your plan is for ten years, plant trees; if your plan is for one
hundred years, educate children.” What is the meaning of saying? Elaborate this
with examples.
Ø This is something I wholeheartedly agree with. I think it’s a beautiful
sentiment. This quote of Confucious
means that the best investment for one year is to grow grains; the best
investment for ten years is to grow trees; the best investment for a lifetime
is to educate people. What we gain from one year’s growth will be grains; what
we gain form ten years’ growth will be trees; what we gain from a hundred
years’ growth will be people.
Ø The spirit of the quote is that it takes time to educate people and to
turn them into productive members of our society. It is not a task like growing
crops or trees, where you will see benefits in one or ten years. But it is a
worthwhile effort that our society should invest for better future of human
beings.
Ø In a nutshell, the gist of the quote is that the outcome of the
investment in education is slower or later than the previous ones but the fruit
is sweet and best for whole humanity and
human beings.
Writing
b. “ Education empowers a person.” Elaborate this statement giving examples of your personal experience.
— As rightly said by the former President of South Africa, Nelson
Mandela “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to
change the world. It is the tool that can empower people with knowledge,
skills and values they need to build a better world with the belief that
quality education can help reduce poverty and inequality. Education is a
basic human right-similar to food and shelter-and that it is vital to protecting
human dignity.
Ø Education to most represents the idea of going to school and learning
about different subjects. However, it could be argued that the meaning of
education is beyond just going to school. As the statement suggests, education
or learning can impact many more things.
Ø To a child from a low-income household, growing up in a remote village,
education can provide independence and promote independent thinking. By giving
children the chance to develop skills, talents, personality and most importantly
raise awareness regarding them, education enables them to change their lives,
contribute to the society and most importantly, escape the shackles (iron
chains) of child labour.
Ø Education gives a child the confidence and tools he/she needs to climb the
social ladder and find opportunities suited to their talents.
Ø Learning has no age limit as it promotes thoughts through its several
community-development projects and adult literacy programmes. In the eyes of
society, education means development. Educated individuals have the power to
not only change their own future but with the knowledge and skills, they can
elevate the society as a whole by impacting economic growth.
Ø To wrap up, education has the power to empower all. And the right type of
education can make people more self-reliant, bridge socio-economic disparities,
boost the economic and social development and foster peace.
Education First-by Malala Yousafzai - Part: II
Using Dictionary/ Dictionary Entry
— Look at the following dictionary entry of the words ‘humanity’ and ‘humanize’ (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition):
— Humanity/hju:’mænǝti/ noun1 [U] people in general: He was found guilty of crimes against humanity. 2 [U] the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine: The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus. United by a sense of common humanity3. [U] the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane: The judge was praised for his courage and humanity. OPP inhumanity 4(the) humanities [pl.] the subjects of study that are about the way people think and believe, for example literature, language, history and philosophy: The college offers a wide range of courses in the arts and humanities.
— Humanize(BrE also-ise) /huj:mǝnaɪz/ verb-sth to make sth more pleasant or suitable for people: to make sth more HUMANE: These measures are intended to humanize the prison system.
a. Study the dictionary entry above and answer these questions.
i. What is the headword in the first entry?
ii. How many meanings of the word ‘humanity’ are given?
iii. What do the abbreviations U, OPP, pl, and sth stand for?
iv. What is the British English spelling of ‘humanize’?
v. How is the word ‘humanize’ pronounced?
vi. If we say Every person should have sense of humanity, which meaning of ‘humanity’ is applied?
Answer:
a. Humanity b. Four c. Uncountable, Opposite, Plural, Something
d. Humanise e. /huj:mǝnaɪz/ f. Definition-3
B. Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.
i. advance analysis amuse assure allergy attain aid anxiety acute agreement
analysis - VII
amuse -VI
assure -X
allergy -V
attain -IX
aid -IV
anxiety -VIII
acute - I
agreement -III
ii. Smoke small smart speaking smelling smoothly smuggler smashed smearing smallpox
iii. terminal terminate terminology termite terms terrace terrible terribly territory terror
Grammar
— Word Class (Parts of Speech)
v Word class refers to the category of words of similar form or function.
— Read the text below where certain words are underlined and try to identify which word class they belong to.
— Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide closures are impacting over 60% of the world’s student population. Some 1 billion students and youth across the planet are affected by school and university closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Several other countries have implemented localized closures impacting millions of additional learners. UNESCO is supporting countries in their efforts to mitigate the immediate impact of school closures, particularly for more vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, and to facilitate the continuity of education for all through remote learning.
— The Global Education Coalition launched by UNESCO seeks to facilitate inclusive learning opportunities for children and youth during this period of sudden and unprecedented educational disruption. Investment in remote learning should both mitigate and immediate disruption caused by COVID-19 and establish approaches to develop more open and flexible education systems for the future. The Global Coalition members and prospective members are encouraged to pledge for the protection of learners’ personal information, privacy and security.
A. In the underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech:
§ Governments - noun
§ Temporarily - adverb
§ Affected - verb
§ And - conjunction
§ In - preposition
§ Immediate - adjective
§ The - determiner
B. Classify the underlined words into different word classes.
a. The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s friend.
b. I bought a round table in the supermarket.
c. Alas, she is dead.
d. Hari works very hard all the time but his wife is very lazy.
e. I have never been to Japan.
Answer:
a. -Who(conjunction) -wearing( verb) -my(pronoun)
b. -Round( preposition) -the(determiner)
c. -Alas(interjection) -is(verb)
d. -Hard(adjective) -but(conjunction) -wife(noun) -very(adverb)
e. -Never(adverb) -to(preposition)
f. Homework:
C. Read a paragraph of an English newspaper and make a list of about 20 words. Categorize them into different ‘Word Classes’. You can use grammar book or dictionary for help.
Speaking: Expressing Good Wishes
v Exponents of Expressing Good Wishes:
Ø I wish you success.
Ø I hope that everything goes O.K. for you.
Ø All the best.
Ø I hope everything goes well.
Ø I’d like to wish you every success.
Ø With best wishes,
v Good wishes on a special occasion:
Ø Happy birthday!
Ø Happy Christmas!
Ø Happy New Year!
Ø Marry Christmas to you!
Ø Many happy return of the day!
Ø I wish you happy…….!
Ø Have a good Christmas/Dashain/ Tihar!
v Responding to good wishes:
Ø Thank you.
Ø Thank you very much.
Ø Thanks. You too.
Ø Many thanks.
Ø Thanks, Jack. You too!
Ø Thank you and same to you!
Example: A student is talking with one of his teachers.
S: Yeas. I got a job as a secretary in an office.
T: You did? Well, congratulations. I think you’ll do very well. I wish you good luck.
S: Thank you so much sir.
A. Work in pairs. Write how you would express good wishes in these situations.
B. Your sister is taking IELTS test.
C. One of your friend is attending a job interview and you meet him/her in the street.
D. It is your friend’s birthday.
E. Your friend is leaving for a holiday abroad and you met her at the airport.
IELTS test: stands for ‘The International English Language Testing System’
– an international standardized test of English language proficiency of non- native English language speakers.
- jointly managed by British Council and others.
–established in 1989 AD.
C. Contracted Forms of Verbs
— ’m = am
— ’s = is or has
— ’re = are
— ’ve = have
— ’ll = will
— ’d = had or would
(’d+v³=had/ ’d+v1= would)
— I’m=/aɪm/ I am=/aɪ ǝm/
— He’s=/hiz/ He is =/hi ɪz/
Note: Contracted forms of verbs are common in spoken English, but in written English, it is informal to write contracted forms.
Assignment: Make two sentences of each contracted forms of verbs mentioned above and then present them into formal English as given in example:
§ I’m feeling tired. - I am feeling tired.
(All images credit: Google Images)
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