NEB Grade : 11 (English) Unit: 14 Power and Politics Napoleon Bonaparte
NEB Grade : 11 (English) Unit: 14 Power and Politics Napoleon Bonaparte
Unit: 14 Power and Politics
Napoleon
Bonaparte
a. Name the warriors who fought for your country.
King Ram Shah,
King Prithvi Narayan Shah, Balbhadra Kunwar, Amar Singh Thapa, Bhimsen Thapa, King
Tribhuwan, Rajendra Laxmi, Bhakti Thapa, Bahadur Shah etc
b. Mention the name of any five famous leaders in the
world? Also describe contributions to their countries.
1. Mohandas Karmachand Gandhi: The preeminent
leader of the Indian Independence Movement in British-ruled India and known as
the father of the nation in India.
2. Nelson Mandela: South African anti-apartheid
revolutionary, politician and philanthropist and the first black head of the
state elected through democratic election.
3. Martin Luther King Jr. : The
prominent leader of African American Civil Right Movement and a spokesperson of
rights, justice, equality of the both blacks and whites.
4. Abraham Lincoln: an American politician and lawyer
who served as the 16th President of the USA.
5. George Washington: One of the founding fathers of
the USA and the first and only nonpartisan, President of the United States and
the commander-in-chief of the
Continental Army during American Revolutionary war.
6. Napoleon Bonaparte: A French Military and political
leader who ran several successful campaigns during Revolutionary Wars.
7. Franklin D. Roosevelt: An American statesman and political
leader who as the 32nd President of the United States who defined modern liberalism in the USA.
8. Winston
Churchill: A British Statesman and the Prime Minister of the UK and known for
leading the nation during World War-II
and his inspiring speeches.
c. Guess the meaning of the words: statesman, leader,
warrior, revolution, emperor, empire, guerilla etc.
ü statesman: a skilled, experienced,
and respected political leader or figure.
ü Leader: the person who
leads or commands a group, organization, or country.
ü Warrior: a brave or
experienced soldier or fighter.
ü Revolution: a forcible
overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system.
ü Emperor: a sovereign
ruler of an empire.
ü Empire: an extensive
group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, or a sovereign
state.
ü Guerilla: a member of a
small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against
larger regular forces.
ü Napoleon
Bonaparte was born in 1769 on the French island of Corsica. He was one of the
14 children. He loved to play soldiers with his brothers. He was sent to
military school to be a real soldier and after his completion of training at
the military school, he became an officer in French Army.
ü In 1789, a
revolution started in France against heavy taxes and they executed the king and
queen and declared France as a Republic where people had to pay taxes as per to
their wealth. When other European countries like Austria and Britain heard
about France they were afraid to loose control over their countries so that
they charged war with the new Republic of France. Napoleon Bonaparte was made
Commander-in-Chief of the French army in Italy and he had victory over one
another Austrians, and Egyptians and returned with many scholars who studied
Egyptology (pyramids) and stopped British trade route to India.
ü When Napoleon returned France, he was appointed as first consul(वाणिज्य दुत) and later he declared himself as emperor of France. He crowned himself before the Pope justifying himself had such wisdom and military skill. Then, he made himself as the master of the Europe conquering Austria in 1805 and Prussia in 1806 and after forming alliance with Russia, he made his brother as the king of Spain and another brother as the king of Holland.
ü Napoleon ruled
France wisely restoring law and order after the revolution with its proper
government and the Bank of France. He built many fine roads and turned Paris
into a beautiful city. He wrote Nepoleonic Code
originally with 2281 articles- a legal system in which all citizens were
equal.
ü Napoleon
was a genius army commander who conquered the huge Austrian Empire and
ruled Italy, Switzerland and Germany. He had the largest empire seen in the
Europe since the days of the ancient Romans. He was only defeated with Britain
in 1805 in the Battle of Trafalgar. Then, the biggest mistake he ever made was
by invading Russia where he was badly defeated with the death of one million
Frenchmen.
ü After ten months
in Elba, Napoleon escaped, went back to France and declared himself Emperor
again and ruled for 100 days. But the European combined and defeated Napoleon
at Waterloo in 1815 and sent to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean
where he died after 6 years at the age of
52 but the cause of his death is still exactly unknown.
ü Above all,
Napoleon was a military genius with a brilliant mind who fought many wars and
he could have been a greater ruler if he had not been driven by his love of power.
Ways with words
A. Choose the correct meaning of the underlined
word.
a.
Many portraits of Napoleon show him with his right hand placed inside
his coat.
i.
shape ii. Hairstyle
iii. Sketch iv. movement
b. Napoleon won one victory after another, defeating
the Austrians in eighteen battles.
i.
beating ii. Joining iii. fighting iv.
directing
c. Portrait painters thought this pose made men
look more dignified.
i.
good-looking ii. Young iii. intelligent iv.
energetic
d. They announced France a republic.
i.
officially declared ii.
informally decided iii. put into practice iv. voted into law
e. Napoleon conquered Austria in 1805.
i.
lost ii. tried to control iii. triumphed over iv. attacked
f. There was no place to house his soldiers in
the bitter Russian winter.
i.
difficult ii. Cold iii. Dark iv. empty
g. Napoleon was humiliated when he was
defeated.
i.
tortured ii. Punished iii. confused iv. shamed
B.
Guess the meanings to these words from the text and
make sentences of your own.
1.
violent- brutal
The
love that is too violent will not last long.
2.
execute –kill/end
He
couldn't execute his plan
3.
ancient - very old
The ancient world
was a cruel place.
4.
alliance - a union or association associated
The
two parties entered into a defensive alliance with each other
to win the election.
5.
Brilliant- excellent
He is a brilliant mathematician,
but he doesn't have any common sense.
6.
Genius – exceptional creative power
Genius is an
exceptional talent or skill.
7. Consul -an official appointed by a state to
live in a foreign city for instance, ambassador
8.
Invading - to enter for conquest
he
hesitated, a dark thought invading his apology.
D.
Find the meanings of the following noun phrases and
use them in sentences.
a. Vice-President - an official or executive ranking below and
deputizing for a president.
The vice
president is called the deputy president.
b.
Editor-in-chief
– lead editor
An editor-in-chief,
is also known as lead editor.
c.
Deputy
Editor-in-Chief - publishing supervisor
He
made idea clear to his deputy editor.
d.
Deputy-Mayor
– Vice Chairperson
The deputy
mayor said that he was appalled by the violence.
e.
Joint-secretary - Assistant Secretary
A Japanese Joint
Secretary, arrived in Rangoon.
f.
Under-secretary
- under-assistant
He
was appointed under-secretary of state.
g.
Deputy-Prime
Minister – vice-primer
The military only occupied the positions
of deputy prime minister.
h.
Vice-Chancellor
– dean/ governor
Wahid
Qureshi was the first Vice Chancellor of the University.
i. Attorney-general- chief law officer
He
was elected as a state attorney general in 1932.
j.
Ex-president- a former president
The ex-president invested
all his available property.
k.
Sub-editor
– deskman
His last full-time job was as a sub-editor
l.
Co-author-
co-writer
He's co-authored a
book on Policy for Tourism.
Comprehension
Answer
these questions.
a.
Where was Napoleon from?
Napoleon
was from France.
b.
Why did poor and middle-class people declare France
a republic?
Poor
and middle-class people declared France a republic because they were tired of
paying heavy taxes of their king and nobles for their luxury.
c.
When did Napoleon declare himself emperor of France?
Napoleon
declared himself emperor of France in 1804.
d.
What did he do when he ruled France?
When
he ruled France, he restored law and order and reorganized the French
government and the Bank of France. He built many fine roads and improved the
old ones. He turned Paris into a beautiful city with wide streets, fine
bridges, and beautiful buildings and monuments, such as the Arc de Triomphe.
e. Which countries did he rule when he was the emperor?
He ruled Italy,
Switzerland, and Germany, When he was the emperor.
f.
What was the main cause of his destruction?
Invasion on
Russia was the main cause of his destruction.
g.
How
did his rule as emperor end in Europe?
His
rule as emperor ended in Europe as the Europeans gathered their armies.
h.
How could Napoleon have been an even greater ruler?
Napoleon
could have been an even greater ruler if he had not been driven by his love of
power.
Critical thinking
a.
What can be the qualities of a great leader? Can a great leader remain in power
for long in a country? Discuss.
•
A
great leader posses a clear vision, is courageous, has integrity, honesty,
humility, and clear focus. He/she is a person who has confidence and respect.
He/she cares about the people who work
with him/her but is capable of making hard decisions when necessary. A great
leader posses following qualities:
Integrity. Ability to delegate. Communication.
Self-awareness. Gratitude. Learning ability. Influence. Empathy.
1.
Positive Attitude
Positive attitude
is an essential energy that a leader must have as it shapes and leads him/her
in the right track.
2.
Accountability
Taking
responsibility and being accountable is what separates an employee from a
leader. Accountability and Transparency go hand-in-hand.
3.
Empathy
Committing
mistakes is part of parcel of our life. Leaders – who understand that they are
leading a team encompassing humans, and not robots – will eventually be a
beneficiary of high productivity, and ever-lasting loyalty.
4.
Responsibility
A
good
leader is never afraid to take responsibility. While parents have a
responsibility to nurture their child and educate them, a politician should
give good governance to people of his/her country.
5.
Communication
A leader’s
communication must be clear and crisp so that the entire team shares the
same vision and goals.
6.
Ability to challenge failure
Ability to
manage failure is first and foremost skill to succeed in life or the company.
7.
Focus
The
more a leader is focused, the better the outcome of his/her engagement with the
team. Distraction from focus will eventually lead to poor productivity and
hindrance in triumphing the goals set.
8.
Innovative
Innovation as a
strategy is always on top of a leader’s mind. Creativity and Innovation are the
two sides of the same coin.
Yes, a leader can remain great leader remain
in power for long in a country if he/she is
the true leader but not everyone can be so. The leader
should understand the feelings, emotions, needs and rights of the citizens.
He/she should be able to work collaborately as well as transparently.
b.
The 16th president of the USA, Abraham Lincoln said
democracy is government of the people for the people and by the people. Do you
think it is perfectly applicable in the present context of Nepal? Explain.
•
The
16th president of the USA, Abraham Lincoln said democracy is government of the
people for the people and by the people. I think it is not perfectly applicable
in the present context of Nepal.
•
Democracy
is by far the most challenging form of government - both for politicians and
for the people. In this definition, he means that democracy "is government
by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised
directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.“
•
The
definition of US president is not applicable in the context of Nepal because
there are many problems here lie that the political leaders are not following
the concept of the definition. They are under the charge of nepotism and
favouritism. They fight most of the time
for their own selfish natures.
•
Even
the majority of government has recently dissolved due to mismatch of their
political behaviour. They talk about democracy but in practical they selfish
behaviour or power politics. Furthermore, in order to exercise the democratic
rights of the people properly, they should be informed as fully as possible.
There is widespread corruption, illiteracy, poverty, partiality and injustice
found everywhere. The political leaders are playing power politics.
•
Nepal
is still immature in terms of practicing democracy due to many more threats are
widespread everywhere. The government officials do not conduct any work without
bribe. Nepalese people have never experienced a responsible, accountable
government. The leaders are able to hold the power and misuse it. On the other
hand, people’s hunger presents an opportunity for opportunist parties to
exploit poor people’s political freedom by offering financial help for a
favourable vote.
•
Thus,
every concerned authorities like the constitutional bodies, government
institutions and citizens should be solely responsible for such mismatch
situation of the nation.
Writing
a.
Write an essay on Power and Politics in about 500 words.
• One of the most important factors to bear in mind is that power is a two-way relationship. Power and authority come from the person being influenced- not the person in the more powerful position. Power can only really exist in relationships in which each individual has something of value to offer.
• The common and essential element for both reward and punishment is that they are controlled by the superior person and are conferred upon subordinates based upon relationships that are less than perfectly aligned with their behaviors. Within any organization there is bound to be a struggle between the power of individuals to influence positively the organization and self-serving politics played around situations or people for selfish reasons. Organizational politics are influence tactics exercised at the expense of one’s coworkers, or the entire organization.
• Power plays an important role in organizations. In practice, power is a two-way relationship in which parties interact accordingly to the resources or values they hold or control.
b. Write a couple of paragraph about a national hero
who fought bravely in the Anglo-Nepal War.
The war between
Nepal and East India Company (1814—1816 AD).
Balbhadra Kunwar
was one of warriors of Anglo-Nepal War
who was in charge of the Khalanga fort built in a small hill of Nalapani. He
had about 600 armies equipped with guns, arrows, stones, logs and traditional
weapons. Major General Gillespsi and
Colonel Maubi had about 3000 troops who were equipped with modern arms and
ammunitions including 11 cannons. Even if Nepalese defeated the British troops
with their traditional tools. Gillespie and Lt. General Ellis were killed in
the course of war. The British troops lost the hope to continue the war and
they ran to Dehradun.
Balbhadra
Kunwar wrote a letter to Kathmandu for help but he did not get any help and the
second attack was made by Colonel Maubi on the same fort with better
preparation but Nepali with brave women again defeated them badly. Captain
Vansittart and Prince praised the bravery of Nepali women in their book.
At
last , Colonel Maubi changed the strategy and blocked the supply of water
inside the fort. As a result, 70 people came out from the fort because of
thirst and foul smell of corpse and quenched their thirst nearby the stream.
Balbhadra Kunwar roared at British, “If I had not left the fort, you would not
be able to conquer it. Now go ahead and occupy it because I have left it on my own will.” and then moved
towards Jeetgadh.
The
British troops destroyed the fort and erected a stone inscription at Khalanga
which inscribes , “… as a tribute of respect for our gallant army Balbhadra
Kunwar and his brave Gorkhas…”
Ø Sure , certain, conform, obviously, convince +negative = Use ‘can,t’
Ø Perhaps , maybe , it`s possible , I think , probably + both positive / negative- Use ‘may’ / ‘might’ (not)
v Sub + must/ can,t/ may/ might + to +Suitable verb ..........
Verb change
- Is / am / are – be
- Was / were – have been
- v1/ v5 -v
- v2 -have + v3
- has /have + v3 -have + v3
- has /have + been - have been
B. Fill in the blanks with may, must or can’t.
a. Matthew …… be at home. I can see his bike in front of his home. - must
b. They …… be coming tomorrow. – may
c. She …… speak French very well. She's only lived in Paris for two weeks. – can’t
d. My key is not in my pocket or on my desk so it …… be in the drawer. – must
e. I saw him yesterday. He …… be abroad. – can’t
f. You got the job? That's great. You …… be very delighted. - must
g. I …… finish it by tomorrow if I stay at work all night, but I'm not sure. – may
h. Somebody is knocking on the door. It …… be Sabina – she promised to come today. - must
C.
Rewrite the following sentences using may/might,
must or can’t.
a.
I’m
sure he’s not going to the cinema today.
He can’t be going to the cinema today.
b.
Perhaps
she knows the answer.
She may know the answer.
c.
I’m
sure he has a car.
He must have a car.
d. I
doubt if it rains later on.
It
may rain later on.
e. Perhaps
she wants to be alone.
She
may want to be alone.
f. I’m
sure Harina is in her office.
Harina must be in her office.
Questions for Practice:
Change the sentences below using must,
can’t may/might
1. I’m sure he is working.
2. Perhaps he is going to ask me.
3. I’m sure he is not French.
4. I’m sure they stole the money.
5. Perhaps he was listening.
6. I’m sure she was not at work.
7. Perhaps he went home.
8. Perhaps she is not coming.
9. I’m sure they weren’t camping.
10. Perhaps they haven’t finished.
11. Perhaps he was tired.
12. I’m sure she was feeling ill.
13. I’m sure the snow’s melted.
14. I’m sure they haven’t been waiting long.
Rewrite the sentences below, using must, can’t,
may/might.
1. I’m sure they have arrived.
2. I”M sure he is not having lunch having lunch.
3. Perhaps he didn’t hear you.
4. I’m sure it hasn’t been snowing.
5. Perhaps he wasn’t telling the truth.
6. I’m sure you are exhausted.
7. May be he was delayed.
8. I’m convinced you haven’t forgotten my name.
9. I am sure I was dreaming.
10. I’m sure you are imagining things.
11. It is possible that they are going away.
12. I’m sure they weren’t serious.
13. Obviously he has been kidnapped.
14. Perhaps she is going to ring.
15. I’m sure they weren’t informed.
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