NEB Grade: 12 Meanings into Words (Student's Book + Work Book+ Practice Questions)
Rules : Supposed to
Avoid these
words/phrases: Apparently, People
say, They say that, I am told that, I have heard that, I hear
that
• Sub + is/am/are + supposed to+ suitable verb + obj
- Is / am / are -be
- Was / were -have been
- v1/ v5 -v1
- v2 -have + v3
- has /have + v3 -have + v3
- has /have + been - have been
- had- - have had
a. I am told that Mr. Rock is a Buddhist.
Mr. Rock is supposed to be Buddhist.
b. I hear that millions of people offer prayer every year at Pashupatinath.
Million of people are supposed to offer prayer every year at
Pashupatinath.
15.5 Hearsay
Change the following sentences/ remarks using supposed to:
1. Apparently elephants have very long memories.
Elephants are supposed to have very long memories
It is supposed to be unlucky to walk under a ladder.
There is supposed to be a monster in Loch Ness.
Marilyn Monroe is supposed to have been insomniac.
Garlic is supposed to stop you catching cold.
Venice is supposed to be slowly sinking into the sea.
He is supposed to have been a lorry driver at one time.
Methuselah is supposed to have lived for more than 300 years.
9. I have heard that student grants are going up next year.
Student grants are supposed to be going up next year.
She is supposed to have been born on board a ship.
The universe is supposed to be expanding all the time.
Example: They say he’s a national cricket player.
-He’s supposed to be a national cricket player.
- Apparently there has been a robbery in the High Street.
- They say that a tiger has been on the loose.
- They say the universe is expanding all the time.
- People say that she was born on board a ship.
- I’m told that garlic stop you catching a cold.
- People say media men earn a lot.
- They believe teaching job is highly honourable.
- Civil society report that the political leaders are not honest enough.
- Everyone knows that market price is uncontrolled.
- Villagers say that the rebel’s weapons came across the border by road.
- They say the earth is round.
- Apparently, elephants have good memories.
- People say it is unlucky to sit under a ladder.
- I am told that Birman was a lory driver at one time.
- People say consumption of yoghurt on the day of exam brings good luck.
- Apparently elephants have very long memories.
- People say it is good to take fruits after the meal.
- They say Pokhara is sinking every day.
- I am told that turmeric is an antibiotic.
- I hear that millions of people offer prayer every year at Pashupatinath.
Answer the following questions using supposed to, apparently, I hear, I’m told, people say, they say.
1. Do you know if Alsatians make good pets?
Alsatians are supposed to make good pets.
I hear it feels great to be hypnotized.
People say 3 Idiots is an interesting movie.
I hear that people are dying due to COVID-19 in India.
They say he was a popular political activist.
People say it is exciting to live in Hollywood.
Life in Ancient Greece is supposed to have been traditional.
Rule: It is +V3 + that + sentence.
Sub- is/am/are+v3 +to +suitable verb + obj.
1. Some people report that the American Government is worried about the situation.
-It is reported that the American Government is worried about the situation.
It is estimated that more than 100 people have died in the past two days.
It is known that the rebels’ weapons came across the border by road.
It is believed that the President is about to resign.
It is said that the rebels are winning.
It is alleged that both sides have tortured prisoners.
Passive reporting verbs
Rule: Sub- is/am/are+v3 +to +suitable verb + obj.
1. He was born in Manchester in 1932. (know)
He is known to have been born in Manchester in 1932.
2. His parents took him to America when he was seven. (think)
His parents are thought to have taken him to America when he was seven.
3. He is worth five billion dollars. (estimate)
He is estimated to be worth five billion dollars.
4. He is living on a remote Greek island. (remour)
He’s remoured to be living on a remote Greek Island.
5. He was responsible for murders in the sixties. (allege)
He’s alleged to have been responsible for several murders in the sixties.
6. He has been married five times. (believe)
He’s believed to have been married five times.
7. He is a heavy drinker (say)
8. He has had a serious heart attack recently. (think)
9. Several governments are suing him for tax offences, (report)
10. Players won the match in time. (estimate)
Sub + is/am/are +sure to /certain to/bound to/likely to/unlikely to + v1 +obj
Ø Probably will /I expect +will /possibly +will/will = likely to
The price of bread is bound to go up within a few weeks.
2. There will probably be more fighting in the capital.
There is likely to be more fighting in the capital.
He is unlikely to arrive.
There are likely to be lots of people at the meeting.
The miners are unlikely to go on strike.
There is unlikely to be much snow this winter.
7. There will definitely be a few tickets left.
There are certainly to be few tickets left.
They are unlikely to move this summer.
A new chairman is sure to be appointed soon.
The government is unlikely to make the wearing of seat
11. In ten years’ time everyone will have a digital watch.
In ten years time everyone is likely to have a digital watch.
By the ten years’ time, cars are likely to be obsolete.
14.2 Precautions
1. Do you think I should reserve a table?
A: Do you think I should reserve a table?
C: There is no point in – the restaurant is unlikely to be houseful.
2. I suppose I could try to get a bank loan.
A: I suppose I could try to get a bank loan.
C: There is no point in – you are unlikely to get a bank loan.
3. I was thinking of inviting her out to dinner.
4. Shall we take sandwiches?
5. Do you think I should apply?
6. Do you think I should buy some spare batteries?
7. May be I should get some malaria tablets before I go.
Write horoscopes for any zodiac signs.
Virgo
This looks like a rather difficult week for you. You may have minor problems at work and family but don’t be upset, as you are sure to overcome them in a day or two. Around the middle of the week you are likely to make new friends, and may begin an exciting new relationship. Your problem with money will slowly disappear, but be careful how you spend it. Be aware someone asking to borrow money- you are extremely unlikely to get it back. At the weekend, there will probably an opportunity to travel – you should take it, as it could lead to important achievement.
USE OF “WHEN”
-When you have + v3 + obj , you + v1 + obj
Join the following remarks using when…
1. arrive/border - show/passport
When you arrive at the border, you have to show/show your passport.
2. water/boil - pour/teapot
When you boil the water, you have to pour it into the teapot.
3. turn off/light - change/bulb
When you turn off the light, you have to change the bulb.
4. turn on/gas - light/gas
When you turn on the gas, you have to light the gas.
5. meet/stranger - shake/hands
6. eat/meal - pay/bill
13.2 Emphasizing the Right Order
Rules:
Deductions and Explanation
1. wind the film on/close the camera
a) You should close the camera before you wind the film on.
c) Otherwise the film might be damaged.
2. wind the film on /take a picture
a) You should wind the film on before you take a picture
c) Otherwise you might damage the picture.
3. read the label/wash a blouse (1/2)
4. turn off the mains/change the fuse (1/2)
5. pay the bill/check it. (2/1)
6. bandage a wound/ clean it. (2/1)
7. listen the weather forecast/go sailing. (1/2)
8. Buy your girlfriend a ring/ask her to marry you (2/1)
13.4. Natural Process
1. Changes in size? -expand contract, shrink, stretch, swell
Expand, contract, shrink, stretch, swell, melt, dissolve, set, freeze, congeal, evaporate, condense
What happens when you……..
1. Put a lump of ice in glass of lemonade. -It melts.
10. leave rice in a bowl of water. -It swells.
a) You should wash your hand before you eat.
b) You shouldn’t eat until you have washed your hands.
2. Close your windows / go out
a) You should close your windows before you go out.
b) You shouldn’t go out until you have closed your windows.
3. have some driving lessons / take your driving test.
4. clean your teeth / go to bed
5. test the temperature of the water / bath the baby
Composition (Page -133)
You are studying at a language school. Write a letter to a friend telling him / her what it is like.
24th Falgun, 2077
Pokhara
Dear Sabu,
Sweet recollection,
It’s long since I haven’t written to you. I have been busy these days learning English language. I have joined The Global Language Institute, Bagbazaar, Kathmandu. It the most reputed language school in Nepal, so I feel proud of myself studying language here. You know I was very much interested in learning English from my high school life and now I’m going to fulfill that dream. This institute applies latest teaching method, both British and American English. The course duration is 6 months and they charge Rs. 6000 for complete course. They allow me to pay the amount in three installments. The two teachers are from England and they teach especially the pronunciations. The other three are the professors from TU.
The classes are very effective. I’m really impressed by their teaching method. They use audio-visual materials and allow students-teachers interactions. They make us feel that we are in the real life communicative situation. I have found my knowledge of English remarkably improved within just two months period. All of my language skills – writing, speaking, listening and reading are improving. I hope I will be a fluent English speaker.
I think you should also join this institute to learn English language. You will really love it ! Hoping to hear from you soon.
Rules: -1st sub + is /am /are + about +...... as expensive as + 2nd sub
(half/ twice)
1. Tinned Peas: 25 p frozen peas: 48 p
Frozen peas are about twice as expensive as tinned peas.
2. Cotton sheets: £14 silk sheets: £150
Cotton sheets are about eleven times as expensive as silk sheets.
3. Olive oil: £2 corn oil: £99p
4. Leather gloves: £8 woolen gloves: £2.75
5. Color TV: £310 black & white TV: £60
12.4 Measuring Other Differences.
Write the other nouns in the table.
Expensive price
High/tall height
Wide width
Thick thickness
Long length
Heavy weight
Fast speed
12.6. Now change these sentences below into comparative sentences using:
1. The exam is not usually very difficult, but this year it was quite tough.
a) This year exam was tougher than it is usually.
2. I had imagined my landlady would be in her fifties, but she turned out to be thirty.
a) My landlady was younger than I had imagined her to be.
3. His parents would like him to work hard, but he doesn’t.
a) His parents would like him to work harder than he does.
4. The washing machine makes a lot of noise, although it used to be fairly quiet.
a) The washing machine is nosier than it used to be.
5. You said I would enjoy the film, but in fact I didn’t like it much
a) I enjoyed the film less than you said I would do.
6. I had hoped to do quite a lot of work today, but I have only managed to do a little.
a) I have hoped to do more work than I have managed to do.
7. They could have helped me a lot, but in fact they hardly helped me at all.
a) They helped me far less than they could have done.
8.I hadn’t expected her to be very angry, but in fact she was absolutely furious.
a) She was much more furious than I had expected her to be.
9. Fifty people had been invited, but eighty came.
a) Far more people came than we had invited.
a. using ‘than’
b. using ‘as…..as’
1. Car sales last year in Britain: British Cars: 38% foreign cars: 62%
Ø Foreign cars are more popular than British cars .
Ø Jane scored more marks than Paul.
4. Jane is 16, Paul is 17
5. Math Exam 70% failed, History Exam: 24% failed.
I got your letter yesterday and came to know that you are going on a strict diet and eating very little but that didn’t lowers your weight. This made me sad. I think there must be something wrong with the food you are having every day. Do you know what causes overweight ? Are strict dieting and eating less enough form you to lose weight ? I think not. According to doctors, the amount of calories in your food is the major factor that causes overweight. They say that a normal female body can use up only 2000 units of calories a day. The surplus calories get deposited in your body as fat and this causes overweight. Therefore, you must be having more calories than your body can use up every day.
Sabina, if you follow my advice, you will lose your weight in a shorter time than you can imagine. It’s not a good idea to go on dieting and eating little without consulting a physician or a dietician. So, first you should go to a physician’s and get a menu and then you eat and drink according to the menu. The other ways are to avoid eating out as far as possible, to take regular physical exercises or Yoga practices, etc.
Lastly, I hope I will see you slim and beautiful in a short time. Rest in the in the next.
Raja(Deepak Raj Giri) is a rich but illiterate man enjoying his life with his friends Ateet (Shivahari Poudel), Saraswati(Jitu Nepal), Magne(Kedar Ghimire) and Buddhi(Budhi Tamang). He is not willing to marry despite his mother’s repeated request citing his neighbour’s condition after the marriage.
Ateet is jobless but after falling love with Brinda asks her father for marriage. Brinda’s father refuses but is ready to marry when Ateet gets the US Diversity. Visa He marries Brinda and goes to US promising Brinda to take when the papers are ready. However, Brinda falls in love with Raja and they have the intimate relations. Magne stays with his mother who becomes sick after which he knows that the mother loves him so much. He then vies for employment abroad. Buddhi is married but jobless. Buddhi is incited to beat up his wife by his friends by drinking alcohol. This leads to serious row between the couple and Buddhi’s wife go to her brother’s house. In the twist of the story, Champa and Aryan try to kill Raja and they elope. Raja, infuriated, looks for the duo and moves to Kathmandu. Raja finds Magne in Kathmandu, unable to go abroad because of manpower agency agency and now has become a goon.
In the end, Ateet marries Champa and Raja becomes a hermit while Brinda stays at Raja’s house and gives birth to a baby. Sarawsati marries Bishnu and Buddhi reconciles with his wife before going for foreign employment. Magne now with his mother proposes Deepa for marriage. The songs of the movie are melodious and exciting and make the to dance in the cinema hall. The action suits the role played by the characters. The audiences take full enjoyment of the film in the hall and forget themselves while watching movie.
11.1 USE OF “ WHEN” :
v When+ sub+ had +v3 +obj, Sub+ v2+ obj (if one after another/2nd event after 1st event)
Note: avoid ‘and’ or ‘but’ and put comma (,)between them.
: if no subject in 2nd sentence put 1st subject as ‘Subject.’
When she had peeled the banana, she gave it to the baby.
When I looked in the fridge, I found some sausages.
When the security men had searched our hand baggage, we boarded the plane.
When he kicked the dog, it barked.
When I went to the duty free shop, I bought a cartoon of Gauloises.
7. He drank the coffee and asked for another cup.
8. I paid my bill and left the restaurant.
9. He put his foot on the brake but nothing happened.
10. I read the letter and threw it into the wastepaper basket.
11. I read his autobiography and discovered what a strange person he had been.
11.2 USE OF “AS SOON AS” :
v As soon as + Sub + v2 + obj. , sub + v2 + obj. if together
1. They saw the house and immediately fell in love with it.
As soon as they saw the house, they fell in love with it.
As soon as I had written the letter, I posted it straight away.
As soon as she had got his exam results, he rang up his parents.
As soon as the train had passed, the crossing barrier went up.
As soon as his wife had died, he got married again.
As soon as he had taken his breakfast, he left the house.
11.4 GETTING THE ORDER RIGHT :
RIGHT ORDER :
-Sub + v2 + obj. + before + sub + v2 + obj.
-Sub + didn,t + v1 + obj. + until + sub + had + v3 + obj.
-Sub +V2 + obj. (result)
WORNG ORDER :
- Sub + didn,t + v1 + obj. + before + sub + v2 + obj.
- Sub + v2 + obj. + before + sub + had + v3 + obj.
-Sub +V2 + obj. (result)
Decide whether the person did things in right order and say what happened as a result.
1. resigned/found another job
A: He didn’t find another job before he resigned.
C: He was jobless.
2. Checked his change/left the shop
A: He checked his change before he left the shop
C: He was not cheated.
3. started driving the car/insured it
A: He didn’t insure the car before he started driving it.
4. signed the contract/read it
A: He didn’t read the contract before he signed it.
5. had a good breakfast/set out
A: He had a good breakfast before he set out.
6. fastened her seat belt/drove off
A: She fastened her seat belt before she drove off.
7. wiped his feet/came in
A: He wiped his feet before he came in.
11.6 Unexpected Events (Practice)
Develop the sentences below as the expression of unexpected events.
EVENTS IN RAPID SUCCESSION :
a) Using “only just”
-Sub + had only just + v3 + obj. +when + Sub + v2 + obj.
b) using “no sooner”
- No sooner + had + sub + v3 + obj. + that + sub + v2 + obj.
Note: if ‘was/were’ in the sentece, use ‘had been +v3’
1. The audience came out of the cinema…..
a) The audience had only just come out of the cinema when the bomb exploded.
2. I reached the shore…..
a) I had only just reached the shore when the storm broke out.
3. I left the island….
a) I had only just left the island when the volcano erupted.
4. I changed all my dollars into sterling…
a) I had only just changed all my dollars into sterling when the value of dollars increased.
5. We got the harvest in…
a) We had only just got the harvest in when it started raining.
6. She insured the painting….
a) She had only just insured the painting when it was stolen.
7. I sold my house……
a) I had only just sold my house when it ruined.
Explain the newspaper headlines below in the same way:
a. Using …had only just…..when…..
3. New King abdicates
4. Jewel thief caught red-handed
5. Missing first husband ruins honeymoon
6. New Casino destroyed in blaze
7. Tanker sinks on maiden voyage
(a) using only just
(b) using no sooner
1. My grandfather retired / he had a heart attack
2. The Wilkinsons went to bed / Mrs. Wilkinson heard a strange noise
3. The plane took off / three hijackers walked into the cabin.
4. I sat down to watch mu favourite program / some friends turned off.
5. The new exhibition hall was opened / it was destroyed by fire.
v I wish / if only + sub + would + v1 .............
- Would (To express hope for help from others)
- Could (To express the self hope to do something)
- Past tense (To express the hope of the different situation than the present
Make sentences with I wish/if only, using a) would, b) could, c) the past tense.
1. It is raining.
I wish someone would give me an umbrella.
I wish it was a sunny day/ I had a raincoat.
2. You are lonely
I wish someone would come here.
I wish I was at home.
3. You are ill in bed.
I wish I could go to the hospital.
I wish I was well.
4. Your car has broken down.
I wish someone would give me a lift.
I wish I had a new car.
5. You are short of money.
I wish someone would lend me some money.
I wish I was rich/wealthy.
REGRET
10.5 Feeling sorry for yourself
Ø I wish / if only + I had (not ) + v3 + obj.
1. You are suffering from sunstroke.
I wish I had taken an umbrella.
2. War has suddenly broken out and you’re stuck in your hotel room.
I wish I had stayed at home.
3. Your house has burnt down.
I wish I had turned off the gas.
4. You feel seasick.
I wish I hadn’t gone for boating.
5. You are short of sleep.
I Wish I had gone to bed earlier.
6. Someone has just refused to marry you.
I wish I had not proposed her.
7. You are stuck half way up a mountain in fog.
I wish I had listened to the weather forecast.
1. You are in bed with flue.
2. You are lost.
3. You are out of work.
4. You are trying to communicate with a foreigner who doesn’t speak your language.
5. You are in love.
Ø Who………………?
v Rule:
-Wh-word + common name + aux +sub + verb + obj?
Change the questions below to information questions, as in the example.
1. Are we having tomato/chicken/mushroom soup today?
What soup/what type of soup are we having today?
How was the weather when you were in London?
Whose car are you planning to use?
How are you going to cook to those eggs? /What are you going to do with those eggs?
How far is London from here?
What kind of work would you like to do?
7. Are you there four/five /six of you?
How many of you are there?
What has he done to his leg?
What is the relation between you and Margaret?/Who are
10. Is the cinema opposite/next to/round the corner from the station?
Where is the cinema from the station?
What have you done with/to my old football boots?
What size screw did you use?
Look at the set of words below. And :
(a) decide what each set has in common
(b) ask the information question about it
1. arson/blackmail/assault
a) Crime b) What crime did he commit?
2. stew/grill/roast
a) way of cooking b) How do you cook meat?
a) rank b) What rank was she promoted to?
a) type of school b) What kind of school do you study in?
a) brand of car b) What kind of car are you driving?
a) material b) What material do you use for your factory?
a) size of paper b) What size of paper do you want?
a) shade of red colour b) What shade of red does she like?
a) Way of doing b) How would you like do your work?
a) grade b) What grade did he get in the grade 11?
9.3 INDIRECT QUESTION
Ø 2nd part of the sentence +if/ whether + sub + v + obj. (yes/no question )
3. What time does the film starts?
I wonder what time the film starts.
4. Was he alone?
Did you notice if he had been alone.
I am longing to know when they are getting married.
Do you remember if I locked the front door?
7. Has the train left?
Have you found out the train has left?
8. What colour curtains did they buy?
Do you know what colour curtains they bought?
1. What does he do for a living? I often wonder.
2. Does she like classical music? Can you remember?
3. Where are you going for your holidays? Have you decided yet?
4. Are you coming tomorrow? I need to know.
5. Did you ever find your camera? I have been meaning to ask you.
6. What crime has he been charged with? Do you know?
7. Did he look angry? Did you notice?
1. Credit cards:
A: Credit cards enable people to purchase goods easily.
B: Ah yes, but they prevent people from spending money in their choice.
C: But on the other hand, they make it easier for e-shopping.
D: yes, but they force you to spend more.
2. Having a beard:
A: Having a beard enables people to be recognized among all.
B: Yes, but it makes more difficult to hide oneself.
C: But on the other hand, it saves money.
D: Yes, but they force you to be showy.
3. Television
A: Television allows people to know more about the world.
B: Ah yes, but it stops people to have relationship with other people.
C: Yes, but on the other hand, it enables people to entertain themselves.
D: But at the same time television makes it easier to spend time easily.
8.4 COURSES OF ACTION
· Sub + ought to + v1 ….. - necessary.
· Sub + ought not to + v1 ….. - not necessary.
· Sub + might + as well + v1…... – would better.
· There's no point + in + v4 ……– insignificant
NOTE:
· If question begins with –Let’s = Subject ‘We’
· If question begins with imperative sentence or verb1 = Subject ‘You’
· Remove 2nd sentence.
Þ There’s no point in selling it.
=> We might as well give it away.
4. Don’t ask him — he doesn’t speak English.
Þ You ought not to ask him.
Þ You might as well take a pullover.
Þ You might as well take a pullover.
Þ You ought not to talk about it now.
=> There’s no point in arguing about it.
- Do you think I should keep all these old clothes?
B: No it’s not worth keeping all these old clothes- they all are torn.
C: Yes, you might as well give them to the beggars.
2. What shall we do with the money? Invest it?
A: What shall we do with the money? Invest it?
B: No, there’s no point in investing it- there is no secure field for it.
C: Yes, we might as well save in the bank.
3. Should I send this letter first class?
A: Should I send this letter first class?
B: No it’s not worth sending this letter- the office is close now.
C: Yes, we might as well make a call.
4. Let’s get a bigger washing machine.
A: Let’s get a bigger washing machine.
B: No, there is no point in getting a bigger washing machine- the electricity doesn’t support it.
C: Yes, we might as well give clothes to the laundry.
5. May be we ought to keep some of the ice cream for Mary.
A: May be we ought to keep some of the ice cream for Mary.
B: No, there is no point in keeping it for Mary – she does not like ice cream.
C: Yes, we might as well buy some Dairy milk.
6. Do you think we should go to school today?
A: Do you think we should go to school today?
B: No, there is no point in going to school today – it is a holiday today.
C; Yes, we might as will go to QFX.
7. I think I will make a bookcase.
A: I think I will make a bookcase.
B: No, there is no point in making a bookcase – you have already got one.
C: Yes, you might as well make a table.
8.1 Good and Bad Effects
Choose verbs from the list and write sentences which have been the same meaning as those below. Begin with the words given.
Allow
enable
encourage
force
Sub+ v2+obj (them) to +v1……….
stop
prevent
discourage
save
Sub+ v2+obj (them) + from + v4……….
make it easier
make it more difficult
Sub+ v2+obj (them) + for obj (them) to +v1……….
1. When they took the drug, it was more difficult for them to think rationally.
The drug made it more difficult for them to think rationally.
2. When they took the drug, they didn’t worry about the future.
The drug stopped them from worrying about the future.
3. When they took the drug they were able to forget all their problems.
The drug enabled them to forget all their problems.
4. When they took the drug they could relax and enjoy themselves more easily.
The drug made it easier for them to relax and enjoy themselves more easily.
5. Although there was a shortage of food, people still wanted to take the drug.
Even the food shortage didn’t discourage them from taking the drug.
6. Because of the economic crisis, the government had to take some decisive action.
The economic crisis forced the government/them to take some decisive action.
7. After the new law was introduced, people still took the drug.
The new law didn’t prevent them from taking the drug.
8. After the new law was introduced, people wanted to take the drug even more.
The new law encouraged them to take the drug even more.
9. When the drug was exported, the Islanders didn’t have to work more than one day a week.
Exporting the drug saved the Islander/them from having to work more than one day a week.
10. When the drug was exported, they were able to sit in the sun all; day long.
This allowed them to sit in the sun all day long.
— Sure, certain, conform, obviously, convince =( If positive – “must”)
v Verb change
— Is / am / are – be
7.1 Change the sentences below using must, can’t may/might
1. I’m sure he is working.
He must be working.
2. Perhaps he is going to ask me.
He might be going to ask me.
3. I’m sure he is not French.
He can’t be French.
4. I’m sure they stole the money.
They must have stolen the money.
5. Perhaps he was listening.
He might have been listening.
6. I’m sure she was not at work.
She can’t have been at work.
7. Perhaps he went home.
He might have gone home.
8. Perhaps she is not coming.
She might not be coming.
9. I’m sure they weren’t camping.
They can’t have been camping.
10. Perhaps they haven’t finished.
They might not have finished.
11. Perhaps he was tired.
He might have been tired.
12. I’m sure she was feeling ill.
She must have been feeling ill.
13. I’m sure the snow’s melted.
The snow must have melted.
14. I’m sure they haven’t been waiting long.
They can’t have been waiting long.
7.2 Working it out
Rule:
· Match A with its answer B.
· If positive use ‘must’ and if negative use ‘can’t’
· Then add B after joining with ‘because’.
· Sub + must/can’t + suitable verb……..+ because+ B sentnece.
A B
1. Did he go abroad? - He hasn’t got passport.
He can’t have gone abroad because he hasn’t got a passport.
2. Has he been working hard? - He looks exhausted.
He can’t have been working hard because he looks exhausted.
3. Is he redecorating his house? - He had it done only a month ago.
He can’t be redecorating his house because he had it done only a month ago.
4. Is he an Indian? - He has got fair hair.
He can’t be an Indian because he has got fair hair.
5. Has the meat gone off? - It smells terrible.
The meat must have gone off because it smells terrible.
6. Is he talking on the phone? - The line’s engaged.
He can’t be talking on the phone because the line’s engaged.
7. Is the table an antique? - It only cost him £15.
The table can’t be antique because it only cost him £15.
8. Is it his birthday? - He got a lot of post this morning.
It must be his birthday because he got a lot of posts this morning.
9. Has he been made redundant? - He was only promoted last week.
He can’t have been made redundant because he was only promoted last week.
- Sub+must+ suitable verb +obj
-Sub+can’t +suitable verb+obj
1. He has got a lovely suntan.
So he can’t be at home.
So he must have gone to for sunbathing.
2. She is driving a Mercedes.
So she can’t be poor.
So she must be very rich.
3. They didn’t come to the party.
So they can’t have been free.
So they must have been very busy.
4. He isn’t wearing a uniform.
So he can’t be going to school.
So he must be going to super market.
5. She speaks excellent French.
So she must be French
So she can’t be Chinese.
6. I can hear music next door.
So they must be enjoying.
So they can’t be sleeping.
1. I’m sure they have arrived.
2. I”M sure he is not having lunch having lunch.
3. Perhaps he didn’t hear you.
4. I’m sure it hasn’t been snowing.
5. Perhaps he wasn’t telling the truth.
6. I’m sure you are exhausted.
7. May be he was delayed.
8. I’m convinced you haven’t forgotten my name.
9. I am sure I was dreaming.
10. I’m sure you are imagining things.
11. It is possible that they are going away.
12. I’m sure they weren’t serious.
13. Obviously he has been kidnapped.
14. Perhaps she is going to ring.
15. I’m sure they weren’t informed.
Explain the following deduction using if….sentence
Rules:
o If + simple present, + simple future
o If + simple past, + Would + V1
o If + past perfect, + would have + V3
If part:
be-was/were
Has/have- had
v1/v5- v1
Main part: Would +
is/am/are- be
has/have-have
v2- have +v2
v Positive sentence into negative and negative into positve
1. He can’t be a soldier-he’s not wearing a uniform.
If he was a soldier, he would be wearing a uniform.
2. There can’t be anyone at home – the car has gone.
If there was anyone at home, the car wouldn’t have gone.
3. They must be having an argument – they have shut the door.
If they were not having an argument, they wouldn’t have shut the door.
4. She can’t have been enjoying herself – she left early.
If she had been enjoying herself, she wouldn’t have left early.
5. He must have been here recently – the kettle’s warm.
If he had not been here recently, the kittle wouldn’t be warm.
6. He can’t be working at the library – I haven’t seen him.
If he was working in the library, I would have seen him there.
7. She must know English – she was listening to BBC.
If she didn’t know English, she would not have been listening the BBC.
8. They must have got lost – they’re not here yet.
If they had not got lost, they would be here now.
Continue the following remarks using must, can’t, may/might.(Questions for Practice)
1. Perhaps the students of grade twelve were disappointed.
2. I’m convinced that she enjoys singing.
3. I’m not sure Julee is not delighted.
4. Obviously, they are feeling hot.
5. Perhaps Jack didn’t contact his parents.
Simple sentence
Said =
said that
Said to
= told + obj +that
* Introgative sentence
Said =
asked if/whether + sub + v +
obj. (yes/no question )
Said to
= asked + obj. + if/whether + sub + v +
obj. (yes/no question )
Said =
asked + WH. + sub + v+ obj. ( WH – QUESTION )
Said to
= asked + obj + WH. + sub + v + obj ( WH – QUESTION )
* Imperative sentence
Said = told/asked/ordered/suggested/commended/requested ..........
said to
= told/asked/ordered/suggested/commended/requested + obj............
Positive - to + v1 Negative - Not to + v1
Change of
pronoun
1st
person (I/we) – as per subject
2nd
person (You) – as per to object
3rd
person (he/she/it/they) – no change
Note: ‘We’ as per ‘they’
SON /
123
CHANGE OF TENSES
- v1/v5 = v2
- is/am/are =Was/were+ v4
- Has /have + v3 /v2= had + v3
- Has/have + been + v4 = had been + v4
- Shall/will/can/may = Should/would/could/might
Time
Adverbials change
- Today = that day
- Tomorrow = the next day
- Yesterday = the day before
- Here = there
- Come = go
- These =thos
- This = that
- Ago = before
- Tonight = that night
- Now = then
- Hence = thence
6.1 Reported Speech
Practice
Change the following sentences into
indirect speech.
1. ‘I’m
from Melbourne.’
He said that he was from
Melbourne.
2. ‘I
like it here.’
He said that he liked it
there.
3. ‘I
don’t earn much money.’
He said that he didn’t
earn much money.
4. ‘I’ve
got a cousin in America.’
He said that he had got a
cousin in America.
5. ‘I’ll
be staying in New York for a month.’
He said that he would be
staying in New York for a month.
6. ‘I’ll
go to Canada too if I have time.’
He said that he would go
to Canada too if he had time.
7. ‘I’ve
been to all art galleries in London.’
He said that he had been
to all art galleries in London.
8. ‘I’ve
been sleeping in friend’s flat’
He said that he had been
sleeping in friend’s flat.
Report these remarks made by ministers.
1. ‘We are going to do all we can to help industry.’
He said that they were going to do all they could to help industry.
2. ‘Unemployment figures have been falling for several months.’
He said that unemployment figures had been falling for several months.
3. ‘The last government didn’t do anything about unemployment.’
He said that the last government hadn’t done anything about unemployment.
4. ‘These proposals are being considered carefully.’
He said that those proposals were being considered very carefully.
5. ‘Things won’t get better unless we work together.’
He said that things wouldn’t get better unless they worked together.
6. ‘I fully support the Prime Minister’s views.’
He said that he fully supported the Prime Minister’s view.
7. ‘I am sure we will win the next election.’
He said that he was sure they would win the next election.
8. ‘I can’t say any more until I have talked to the Prime Minister.’
He said that he couldn’t say any more until he had talked to the Prime Minister.
6.2. Conflating Reports.
v Write in past tense and report it.
1. I’m starving. I could eat a horse.
But you told me just now you weren’t hungry
2. Oh looks. It is raining.
What? But they said on the weather forecast it was going to be a sunny day.
3. The rent is £25 a week.
But when I spoke you earlier you said it only cost £15 a week.
4. Can I have one of your cigarettes?
But I thought you had given up smoking.
5. Sorry. This is the private beach. Members only.
But I was told it was a public beach.
6. I’d love to come, but I have got this essay to finish.
What? I thought you said you were free.
7. Didn’t you get me a ticket?
No, I didn’t realize you wanted to come.
6.4. Choose appropriate verb from the list, report the remarks below. Begin with the words given.
o Admit
o Explain
o Assure
o Deny
o point out
o claim
o insist
o warn
o accuse.
1. ‘You are under no obligation to buy the drill if you don’t like it.’
The salesman assured Mr. Lock that he was no under obligation to buy the drill if he didn’t like it.
2. ‘I don’t want the drill, because it doesn’t work.’
Mr Lock explained that he didn’t want the drill.
3. ‘The same drill can be bought locally for £ 10 less.’
Mr Lock pointed out that the same drill could be bought locally for £ 10 less.
4. ‘You broke the drill by using wrongly, and you still owe us £ 45.’
Bargain Electrics claimed that he had broken the drill by using it wrongly, and that he still owed them £ 45.
5. ‘I didn’t break the drill”
Mr Lock denied that he had broken the drill.
6. ‘The drill reached you in perfect condition.’
The Managing Director insisted that the drill had reached him in perfect condition.
7. ‘If you do not pay the balance within seven days, we will have to take legal action.’
The Managing director warned him that if he didn’t pay the balance within seven days, they would have to take the legal action.
8. ‘You are interfering in a private matter.’
The Sales Manager accused them of interfering in a private matter.
The Sales Manager accused them that they were interfering in a private matter.
9. “Mr. Lock has been right all along – the drill was wrongly assembled in the factory.
The Managing director admitted that Mr. Lock had been right all along and that the drill had been wrongly assembled in the factory.
Reporting
Report the following remarks, beginning He told me….
1. My father is ill
He told me his father was ill.
2. I will tell her when I see her.
He told me he would tell her when he saw her.
3. I have been sleeping very badly.
He told me he had been sleeping very badly.
4. If they are waiting for you, you ought to go.
He told me if they were waiting for me I ought to go.
5. The price of petrol’s going to go up.
He told me the price of petrol was going to go up.
6. I’m sure she won’t mind if you use the phone.
He told me he was sure she wouldn’t mind if I used the phone.
7. I wasn’t invited to the wedding.
He said that he hadn’t been invited to the wedding.
8. I have had my car serviced.
He told me he had had his car serviced.
9. I’m reading that book you lent me.
He told me he was reading that book I had lent him.
10. They don’t play as much tennis as they used to.
He told me they didn’t play as much tennis as they used to.
11. Since they have already got one, there is no point in giving them one.
He told me since they had already got one; there was no point in giving them one.
12. You look as if you haven’t eaten for weeks.
He told me I looked as if I hadn’t eaten for weeks.
Choose one of the verbs in the list to report each of the remarks below.
Promise, advise , suggest urge, threaten, recommend, insist, beg
1. I can’t tell you how important it is for you to give up smoking.
He urged me to give up smoking.
2. You have got to lend me the money! Oh, please, please!
He begged me to lend him the money.
3. Why don’t you paint the ceiling yellow?
He suggested me to paint the ceiling yellow.
4. I’ll buy you an ice cream if you are good.
He promised to buy me an ice cream if I was good.
5. You should spend a week in Scotland – it is lovely.
He recommended that I should spend a week in Scotland.
6. No, I have already told you – I’m going to pay.
He insisted that he was going to pay.
7. You really ought to have your roof repaired, you know.
He advised me to have my roof repaired.
8. I’ll report to the police if you don’t do what I say.
He threatened to report me to the police if I didn’t do what he said.
5.1 HOW LONG ……………?
Activities
- A. How long did + sub + v1 …………….+ (for) ?
- B. sub + v2 +obj + for/until + Time.
Achievements
- A. How long did it take + agent + to + v1............ ?
- B. sub + v2 +obj + by / in + Time.
Period of time | Point of time | |
Activities | For | Until |
Achievements | In | By |
Ø If question contains: I or we –Change them into ‘You’ and so far in ‘A’ but same in ‘B’.
Ø For Agent: Change the ‘subject’ of question as per followings:
• He- His
• She- Her
• I/We- You
• They- Them
Ø In activities also, change subject I/We into ‘You’ and so far.
- Period of Time: Years, hours, minutes, seconds, ages, weeks, days, etc
- Verbs like: Completed, finished, changed, learned/learnt, Whole, all, mowed and others.
How long?
1.They talked on the telephone. (20 minutes)
A: How long did they talk on the telephone for?
B: They talked on the phone for 20 minutes.
2. She painted the bathroom ceiling. (six o’clock)
A: How long did it take her to paint the bathroom ceiling?
B: She painted the bathroom ceiling by six o’clock.
3. We played golf on Sunday. (dusk)
A: How long did you play golf on Sunday?
B: They played golf on Sunday until dusk.
4. He mowed the lawn. (ten minutes)
A: How long did it take him to mow the lawn?
B: He mowed the lawn in ten minutes.
5. I wrote all my letters. (lunchtime)
A: How long did it take you to write all your letters?
B: I wrote all my letters in lunchtime.
6. We had to change the wheel. (five minutes)
A:How long did it take you to change the wheel?
B:We had to change the wheel in five minutes .
7. He watched television. (late movie came on)
A:How long did he watch television?
B:He watched television until late movie came on.
8. I read the whole of War and peace. (two weeks)
A:How long did it take you to read the whole of War and peace?
B:I read the whole of War and peace in two weeks.
9. She did some piano practice. (bed time)
A:How long did she do piano practice?
B:She did piano practice until bed time.
10. She waited at the bus stop. (ages)
A:How long did she wait at the bus stop for?
B:She waited at the bus stop for ages.
5.3 Longer Than You Expected
Rules:
- Sub+ didn’t +v1……..for/until + Time adverbials.
- It was + Time adverbials + before + Sub + v2….
Example:
I ordered a taxi for ten to eight, but…..
- It didn’t come for half an hour.
-It was half an hour before it came.
1. I wrote to my mother by airmail, but in fact….. ( two weeks)
The letter didn’t reach for two weeks.
It was two weeks before the letter reached.
2. I intended to have an early night but as it happened …. (midnight)
I didn’t reach home till midnight.
It was midnight before I reached home.
3. I said he could borrow the record for a few days, but …(six week)
He didn’t give it back for six weeks.
It was six weeks before he gave it back to me.
4. It was supposed to be a short meeting, but…. (three hours)
The meeting didn’t finish for three hours.
It was three hours before the meeting finished.
5. She set us some homework for Monday, but as I was away for the weekend…. (Tuesday)
I didn’t finish homework till Tuesday.
It was Tuesday before I finished homework.
6. He was invited to dinner but typically….. (after 9 o’clock)
He didn’t arrive till after 9 o’ clock.
It was 9 o’ clock before he arrived.
7. The job was supposed to take three weeks, but unfortunately, …….(nearly two months)
The job didn’t finish for nearly two months.
It was nearly two months before the finished.
Work Book: Time Expressions
- Acieverment: Period of Time (in)
- Point of Time (by)
- Activities: Period of Time (for)
- Point of Time (until)
Fill in the sentences below with for, in, until, by.
1. She studied medicine by the age of 25.
2. They got the lunch ready by 12: 30.
3. He learnt to swim in six week.
4. They lived in New Castel until 1973.
5. My father ran a bookshop for two years.
6. We did all our housework in a couple of hours.
7. We did some housework for a couple of hours.
8. I finished my homework by suppertime.
9. We discussed politics until three in the morning.
10. They reached the top of the mountain in four hours.
11. I borrowed my neighbor’s power drill for a few days.
12. He got all the letters typed by four o’clock.
13. The concert was over by half past nine.
14. He saved up £200 by Easter.
15. I studied French for five years.
16. She became a qualified physiotherapist in twelve months.
17. I dug the garden in a couple of hours.
18. He stayed in bed until lunchtime.
Writing: (page No. 49)
Write advantages and disadvantages of keeping a dog at home. (HSEB 2062)
Keeping a dog in a flat
→ Keeping a dog at home is good. Dogs are very useful pets. Watchfulness and faithfulness are the most important characters of the dogs. They have very sharp sense of smell and sight. If properly trained, dogs can do many kinds of useful work for their masters. It guards the house. It stops the unwanted people from entering your house by barking at them. So if you have a dog at home, you feel secure and safe. Having a dog at home provides you fun too because you can play with your dog. Your children love it as a pet and they feel proud of having a pet at home. If you want, your dog can accompany you wherever you go for your safety.
However, keeping a dog at home has some disadvantages too. If you keep a dog at home, you have to spend much money for its food and maintenance. You have to spend as much money as you spend to rear a child. Dogs have a very bad habit to pee whenever and wherever they have a desire. You have to spend a lot of time to keep your dog clean and healthy like combing, washing, taking it for walks, etc. A dirty dog can cause diseases. Sometimes your dog may create a problem by biting someone when it is left loose. If you do not have your dog vaccinated regularly, it may go mad and spread rabies.
Unit: 4
Attitudes and reactions
Write the adjectival forms of the verbs below.
-We have to add …ing or …ive to change verbs into adjectival forms.
Verbs Adjective
Impress Impressive
Excite exciting
Interest interesting
Offend offensive
Attract attractive
Irritate irritating
Confuse confusing
Shock shocking
Upset upsetting
Surprise surprising
Astonish astonishing
Amuse amusing
Model question:
Look at the examples and write similar conversation as the example.
Example: politics
A: What do you think of politics?
B: Oh, I find politics really depressing.
C: Yes, politics depresses me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get terribly depressed when people talk about politics.
Rules:
A: What do you think of + given question?
B: Oh, I find + same question(it/them) + (…) adj.
C: Yes, same question (it/they) + verb + me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get (…) + v3 + when people talk about/ by + same question.
1.World cup football
A: What do you think of World cup football?
B: Oh, I find World cup football really interesting.
C: Yes, world cup football interests me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get really interested when people talk about world cup football.
2. World cup football
A: What do you think of World cup football?
B: Oh, I find World cup football really interesting.
C: Yes, world cup football interests me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get terribly interested when people talk about world cup football.
3. People who speak several languages
A: What do you think of people who speak several languages?
B: Oh, I find People who speak several languages impressive.
C: Yes, People who speak several languages impress me, too.
D: yes, I agree. I get impressed when people talk about People who speak several languages.
4. People who talk about themselves
A: What do you think of people who talk about themselves?
B: Oh, I find People who talk about themselves really irritating.
C: Yes, People who talk about themselves irritate me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get terribly irritated when People talk about people who talk about themselves?
5. People with dirty fingernails
A: What do you think of People with dirty fingernails?
B: I find People with dirty fingernails really disgusting. (………………)
C: Yes, People with dirty fingernails disgust me, too.
D: Yes I agree. I get terribly disgusted when People talk about the people with dirty fingernails.
6. Horror films
A: What do you think of horror films?
B: I find horror films exciting.
C: Yes, horror films excite me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get excited when people talk about horror films.
7. People who swear
A: What do you think of people who swear?
B: I find people who swear surprising.
C: Yes, people who swear surprise me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get surprised when people talk about people who swear.
8. People who whistle all the time
A: What do you think of people who whistle all the time?
B: I find people who whistle all the time irritating.
C: Yes, people who whistle all the time irritate me, too.
D: Yes, I agree. I get irritated when people talk about the people who whistle all the time.
If there is one thing ………
v If there is one thing +that + v5… + obj. + it’s people who …………
(If the sentence begins with people or someone)
v If there is one thing (that) + subject ‘I’ + v1 + it’s people who ……………
(If the sentence begins with I or if there is people in the middle of sentences)
1. People who smoke in restaurants annoy me.
• If there is one thing that annoys me it’s people who smoke in restaurants.
2. People who are cruel to animals upset me.
• If there is one thing that upsets me it’s people who are cruel to animals.
3. People who break promises make me angry.
• If there is one thing that makes me angry it’s people who break promises.
4. I hate people who smoke in restaurants.
• If there is one thing (that) I hate it’s people who smoke in restaurants.
5. I detest people who interrupt when I’m speaking.
• If there is one thing (that) I detest it’s people who interrupt when I’m speaking.
6. I loathe people who ring me up early in the morning.
• If there is one thing (that) I loathe it’s people who ring me up early in the morning.
4.7 Judging character
How would you describe a person who……
1. gives away lots of money - generous
2. never buys you a drink - mean/stingy/greedy/miser
3. easily loses his temper - bad-tempered/hot-tempered
4. never loses his temper - calm/ placid
5. helps other people - helpful
6. only thinks about himself - selfish
7. jokes about everything - cheerful/funny/joker/dawrf
8. doesn’t joke about anything - serious
9. expects good things to happen - optimistic/hopeful
10. expects bad things to happen - pessimistic
11. believes whatever you tell him - gullible/ believable
12. doubts what you tell him - skeptical/ doubtful
13. worries about what people think - sensitive
14. doesn’t care what people think - insensitive
15. likes going to parties - sociable/outgoing/friendly
16. doesn’t like going to parties - shy/ reserved
17. lets people down - unreliable
18. doesn’t let people down - reliable
19. has a high opinion himself - vain/ proudy
20. doesn’t boast - modest
Work Book: Character Definitions
Write about following people’s characters:
1. A considerate person
A considerate person is someone who is careful not to hurt other’s feelings.
2. An unreliable person
An unreliable person is someone who lets people down.
3. A Stingy person
A Stingy person is someone who does not buy you drinks.
4. A thick-skinned person
A thick-skinned person is someone who donot take care what people tell about him.
5. A vain person
A vain person is someone who has a high opinion of himself.
6. A skeptical person
A skeptical person is someone who always doubts what you tell him.
7. An optimistic person
An optimistic person is someone who expects only good things to happen.
8. A pessimist person
A pessimist person is someone who expects bad things to happen.
9. A generous person
A generous person is someone who gives away lots of money.
10. Reliable Person
A reliable person is someone who does not let people down.
11. Modest person
A modest person is someone who doesn’t boast.
Unit :3
Relating Past Events
3.5 Relative clause
1. Repeated word - At the beginning of the first sentence
Repeated word + , +R.C. + second sentence + , +first sentence• Relative Clause
• Whom - for person ( Object – by, to, with, on,)
• Whose - for person( possessive-of, ’s )
• Which -for thing or animal
• When - for time
• Where - for place
• Who - for person ( subject )
• Note: - RC according to the place of Repeated word.
– - Rule according to the place of subject in first sentence.
Who: It refers to the person and it is used when the person is repeated in subjective position.
1.Hira is a nurse. She works in hospital.
— Hira, who works in hospital, is a nurse.
2.I saw a boy. He was carrying a gun.
— I saw a boy who was carrying a gun.
3.Ram is a son of Dasharath. He is husband of Sita.
— Ram, who is husband of Sita, is a son of Dasharath.
4.Surya was in school. He found a pen.
— Surya, who found a pen, was in school.
Whom: It also refers to the person and it is used when the person is repeated in objective position.
1.Meena is a beautiful girl. Anil loves her.
— Meena, whom Anil loves, is a beautiful girl.
2.Kiran is a boy. I want him.
— Kiran, whom I want, is a boy.
3.The girl is very beautiful. I want to marry her.
— The girl, whom I want to marry, is very beautiful.
4.Milan is my friend. I want to work with him.
— Milan, with whom I want to work, is my friend.
Note: if there is any preposition before repeated person in objective position, we have to write it.
Whose: It is used when the persons are in possessive and apostrophe forms. For example: His/her/their/Ram’s/Phil’s +noun.
1.Kristina is a teacher. Her father is a doctor.
— Kristina, whose father is a doctor, is a teacher.
2.Phil was an excellent driver. His forehead is covered in sweet.
— Phil, whose forehead is covered in sweet, was an excellent driver.
When: It is used for time.
1.My grandfather died in 2005. I was 11 years then.
— My grandfather died in 2005 when I was 11 years.
Where: It is used to refer to the place.
1. I like the village. My wife was born there. I like the village where my wife was born.
· Kathmandu, where I work, is the capital city of Nepal.
Which / that: it is used for things and animals as a subject and an object.
1.The cow is very small. It gives ten litres milk every day.
• The cow, that/which gives ten litres milk every day, is
very small.
Workbook : Relative Clause
Join the following sentences together using a non-defining relative clause.
1.Finally Brown decided to retire. Willis had been sharing an office with him.
• Finally Brown, with whom Willis had been sharing an office, decided to retire.
2.Mrs Aldrich never recovered consciousness. she was married with two children.
• Mrs Aldrich, who was married with two children, never recovered consciousness.
3.The old house was finally sold. The family had lived in it for 300 years.
• The old house, in which the family had lived for 300 years, was finally sold.
4.Mary noticed that he was wearing her ring. she had lost it five years before.
• Mary noticed that he was wearing her ring, which she had lost five years before.
5.Nobody liked the eldest son. Old Lord Banbury had left all his money to him.
• Nobody liked the eldest son, to whom old Lord Banbury had left all his money.
6.He proudly showed me round his house. He had paid $ 1,00,000 for it.
• He proudly showed me round his house for which he had paid $ 1, 00,000.
7.He became quite fond of Brixton Prison. He had spend so much of his life there.
• He became quite fond of Brixton Prison where he had spent so much of his life.
8.Harold finally asked her to marry him. She had always been in love with him.
· Harold, with whom she had always been in love, finally asked her to marry him.
9.Godfrey decided to become an actor himself. His parents had been in the theatre.
· Godfrey, whose parents had been in the theatre, decided to become an actor himself.
10.In 1948, he joined the Conservative Party. He was still a student then.
· In 1948, when he was still a student, he joined the Conservative Party.
Students’ Book
3.5. Additional Information: Relative Clause
1. Phil was an excellent driver.
Phil’s forehead was covered in sweat.
· Phil, whose forehead was covered in sweat, was an excellent driver.
2. Julia hadn’t wanted to come in the first place.
The Admiral had entrusted the papers to Julia.
· Julia, to whom the Admiral had entrusted the papers, hadn’t wanted to come in the first place.
3. Alex had closed his eyes.
It had been Alex’s idea to come.
The success of the whole mission depended on Alex.
· Alex, on whom the success of the whole mission depended, which had been his idea to come, had closed his eyes.
4. Alex had just taken the gun out of his pocket.
Alex never went anywhere without his gun.
· Alex, who never went anywhere without his gun, had closed his eyes.
5. The dog was sitting facing the back window.
The dog loved travelling in fast car.
· The dog, which loved travelling in fast car, was sitting facing the back window.
6. The truck was gaining on them all the time.
They were trying so desperately to escape from the truck.
A light machinegun was clearly visible on the truck.
· The truck, on which a light machine gun was clearly visible, from where they were trying so desperately to escape, was gaining on them all the time.
Questions for Practice:
Join the following sentences together using a non-defining relative clause.
1. 1. Mrs. Wilkinson usually went to bed after 11.
Radha met her yesterday evening.
2. He proudly showed me round his mansion.
He had paid 80 lakhs for it.
3. The old house was finally sold.
The family had lived in it for 100 years.
4. The place is called Water Park. He has been living there.
5. Alex had closed his eyes. It had been Alex’s idea to come.
3.6 Background Information
Add an appropriate relative clause to these sentences.
1. I couldn’t wait to get back to Venice,…….
I couldn’t wait to get back to Venice, where I had had a nightmare.
2. At last they managed to repair the telephone……
At last they managed to repair the telephone, which had been disconnected.
3. The teacher,…………. , turned round suddenly.
The teacher, who was teaching in the class, turned round suddenly.
4. I eventually found the letter, ………., in my jacket pocket.
I eventually found the letter, which I had already lost, in my jacket pocket.
5. When I came back, I found that my car, …………, had disappeared.
When I came back, I found that my car, which I had parked outside, had disappeared.
6. We were all very grateful to Richard, ……….
We were all very grateful to Richard, who had helped us in difficulty
Composition ( Page No. 30)
1.Write a letter to a newspaper saying how you feel about the growing use of computers in our daily lives.
To,
The Editor Date…………………………
The Everest Post
Kathmandu
2.Write an essay on advantages and disadvantages of computer. ( See above letter)
Unit: 2 Appearance
- Look,
- Look like,
- Look as if /Look as though
Ø Make sentences from the following hints using look, look like or look as if/look as though.
2.1 look, look like or look as if/look as though.
Ø If there is an adjective, →Sub. +look(s) +adjective.
Ø If there is noun, → Sub. +look(s) +like +noun.
Ø If there is sentence, → Sub.+look (s)+ as if/as though+ SVO (statement)
ü Some examples of nouns: Ostrich, boy, temple, truck, tramp, drunkard etc...(Most often, it takes ‘a’/ ‘an’.)
ü Some examples of adjectives: Tall, happy, angry, terrific, elegant, complicated, aggressive, etc…
Example of sentence: Subject+Verb+Object/ Subject+Verb
1. He needs a wash. (sentence)
He looks as if he needs a wash.
2.Rather aggressive (adjective)
• He looks rather aggressive.
3.A tramp (noun)
• He looks like a tramp.
4.Angry (adjective)
• He looks angry.
5.He is going to start a fight (sentence)
• He looks as if he is going to start a fight.
6.Terribly complicated (adjective)
• It looks terribly complicated.
7. It costs a lot (sentence)
• It looks as if it costs a lot.
8. Very elegant (adjective)
• It looks Very elegant.
9. Something from outer space(noun)
• It looks like something from outer space.
10. It gives excellent reproduction (sentence)
• It looks as if it gives excellent reproduction.
11. A honeymoon couple(noun)
• They look like a honeymoon couple.
12. They’re celebrating (sentence)
• They look as if they’re celebrating.
13. They’re in love (sentence)
• They look as if they’re in love.
14. Happy(adjective)
• They look happy.
15. They’ve just had some good news (sentence)
• They look as if they’ve just had some good news.
- A nurse.
- They’ve just come out the swimming pool.
- She needs a wash.
- Heavily drunk.
- Very much disappointed.
- A medical professional.
2.2 LOOK AS IF/ AS THOUGH……
Question model: Talk about the people below in the same way. Talk about the past, the present and the future.
Rules: present , past ,future df k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf
• Past: Sub + looks as if / as though + sub + has / have + (just) v3 +obj.
• Present: Sub + looks as if / as though + sub + is/am/are/ v1/v5 + obj.
• Future: Sub + looks as if / as though + sub + is/am/are + about/going to + v1 + obj.
v Example: You see a man lying on the ground in a pool of blood.
Past: He looks as if /as though he’s just been shot.
Present: He looks as if /as though he’s in agony.
Future: He looks as if /as though he’s about to die.
1.You see a girl standing on the seashore, staring into the water.
Past: She looks as if she has lost her ring in the water.
Present: She looks as if she is in tension.
Future: She looks as if she is about to suicide.
2.You see a man lying on the floor, laughing.
Past: He looks as if he has just read a joke. Present: He looks as if he is a mad. Future: He looks as if he is going to be crazy.
3.You see a woman whose clothes are soaked and she’s sneezing.
Past: She looks as if she has just taken a bath.
Present: She looks as if she is sick.
Future: She looks as if she is about to suffer from flu.
4.You see a man lying underneath a car.
Past: He looks as if he has had an accident.
Present: He looks as if he is a mechanic.
Future: He looks as if he is about to mend the car.
5.You see someone climbing through the window.
Past: She looks as if she has forgotten the key in the room.
Present: She looks as if she is a thief.
Future: He looks as if he is about to steal the house.
6) You can hear people singing next door.
-They sound as if they are enjoying.
7) When you open the door of your flat, there is a strong smell of smoke.
It smells as if someone has smoked in the room.
8) When you touch your writing desk, you notice it is sticky.
It feels as if someone has poured gum on it.
9) When you drink a glass of water, you realize it certainly isn’t ordinary drinking water.
It tastes as if it is cold drink.
2.3 General impressions: ‘seem to’
Question model: Rewrite the sentences using ‘seem’.
Rules:
• Sub +seem(s)+ to + v1 /have +v3 + obj (when positive )
• Sub +do/does not + seem + to + v1 + obj (when negative )
VERB CHANGE ug]{ tl/sf
• is/am/are - be
• was/were -have been
• v1./v5 - v1
• v2 - have +v3
• has/have +v3 -have +v3
1. He is very friendly.
• He seems (to be) very friendly.
2. He isn’t very rich.
• He doesn’t seem to be very rich.
3. He’s happily married.
• He seems to be happily married.
4.He’s some kind of business man.
• He seems to be some kind of business man.
5.He doesn’t spend much time out of doors.
• He doesn’t seem to spend much time out of doors.
6.He watches television a lot.
• He seems to watch television a lot.
7.He has lived a very interesting life.
• He seems to have lived a very interesting life.
2.6 Guessing Ages
- 1-6 =Early childhood
- 7-8 = Mid childhood
- 9-12= Late childhood
- 13-14= Early teens
- 15-17= Mid teens
- 18-19= Late teens
- 20 – 29 = Twenties ( 21- 23 early twenties, 24-26 mid twenties, 27-29 late twenties)
- 30-39 =Thirties
- 40-49= Forties
- 50-59= Fifties
- 60-69 = Sixties
- 70-79= Seventies
- 80-89= Eighties
- 90-99= Nineties
- 100 above= above hundred years
Rules:
- He/she + was born in the+……….time.
- He/she is now in + his/her +………….. age.
- 1. Richard 1930/3
- He was born in the early thirties.
- He is now in his …………………….
- 2. Alan 1964/5
- He was born in the mid sixties.
- He is now in his ……………………..
- 3. Susan 1895/1905
- She was born early 19th century.
- She is now in her above hundreds.
- 4.Jane 1928\9
- She was born in the late twenties.
- She is now in her ……………………..
- 5.Alison 1941/3
- He was born in the early forties.
- He is now in his ………………………….
- 6.Geraldine 1960/1
- She was born in the early sixties.
- She is now in her ……………………….
Now work out these people’s approximate ages.
1. Mike started school in 1947.
Mike is in his mid seventies.
2. Albert Smith fought in the First World War.
Albert is over hundred years.
3. Christine isn’t quite old enough to vote yet.
She is in her late teen.
4. Fred will be retiring in a couple of years’ time.
He is in his late fifties.
5. My landlady doesn’t look old, but she has grandchildren.
She is in her early fifties.
6. Mary just remembers the Second World War.
She is in her early eighties.
7. Brenda’s been teaching for 25 years.
She is in her early fifties.
Work Book
Identifying with ‘like’
Question model: Continue the following remarks with look, sound, smell, feel or taste + like.
Rules:
Sub + look(s)/ sound(s)/ smell(s)/ feel(s)/ taste(s) + like + obj (to me).
1.Surely he’s not a manual worker…
• He looks like a businessman.
2.Are you sure this is tea?...
• It tastes like coffee.
3.I wonder who wrote that music…
• It sounds like a pop song.
4.He’s got a foreign accent…
• He sounds like a Chinese.
5.This material is very soft…
• It feels like cotton / feather.
6.What’s that you are cooking? ...
• It smells like meat.
7.They’ve got very similar faces…
• They look like twins / brothers.
8.This isn’t real leather, is it?...
• It looks / feels like synthetic.
9.I’ve got something in my shoe…
• It feels like a small stone / nail.
10. I don’t think you made this cake yourself…
• It tastes like an Indian cake.
2.7 Police Descriptiion
Write a police description of a person you know very well.
— → Here is the description of a man whom the police are seeking for the robbery/murder he has committed. The man is in his mid thirties. He is slightly built, and is of medium height. He has dark eyes and wheat–white complexion. He has short black hair. His nose is slightly crooked. He is well–dressed, wears a golden watch and a cap. He has carried a bag on his back. He speaks with a Kalikot accent. Members of the public are informed to inform police immediately if they see him anywhere.
Composition: (Page No. 20)
If you were shipwrecked
on a desert island , which five common objects would you want to have
with you? Why?
→ A desert island is the one which
is far away from human settlement. If I were shipwrecked there alone, I would
like to have the following five common objects : some light cotton clothes, a knife, a
tent, a light gun, and a box of matches.
The climate in the island is hot. I mean I would not need heavy and warm
clothes. So light cotton clothes would be enough for me. I would need a knife
so that I could use it to chop the fruits available there. Moreover, I would
use the knife to cut holes into the coconuts available there so that I could
drink the water inside them. Coconut water is supposed to be very rich in
energy and nutrition. Generally, it rains heavily there, so I would need a low
tent to protect myself against rain. I expect many smaller animals are
available there. So I could use my light gun for hunting the birds or animals.
Finally, I would use the matches to make fire so that I could roast the hunts.
In this way I expect to survive in the deserted island.
Ø This/It is the first time + sub + has/have ever + v3 + obj.
o:tf] sfd u/]sf] of] klxnf]]] rf]6L xf] .
o:tf] sfd cuf8L slxNo} u/]sf] 5}g .
I can’t get to sleep. {---------------------------------}
…. I’m not used to sleeping on the floor.
Note: Write ‘subject’ as per it is given in the question..
1. My feet are killing me. {----------------------}
(Clues: Play football, climb mountain, walk on foot…..)
…. This is the first time I have ever played football.
…. I have never played football before.
…. I’m not used to playing football.
2. God, this is embarrassing! {--------------------}
(Clues: Fail the exam, face an interview, tell a lie…..)
.… This is the first time I have ever failed the exam.
…. I have never failed the exam before.
…. I’m not used to failing the exam.
3. Do you think you could slow down a little? {--------------}
(Clues: Travel in a car/bus, feel giddiness)
…. This is the first time I have ever travelled in a car.
…. I have never travelled in a car before.
…. I’m not used to travelling in a car.
4. She is feeling terribly nervous…{------------------------}
.… This is the first time she has ever faced an interview.
…. She has never faced an interview before.
…. She’s not used to facing an interview.
5. Hold my hand, will you? {---------------------------}
.… This is the first time I have ever crossed the river.
…. I have never crossed the river before.
…. I’m not used to crossing the river.
6. He’s absolutely delighted…… {----------------------}
….This is the first time he has ever won the election.
…. He has never won the election before.
…. He’s not used to winning the election.
7. I hope they get there all right-----{----------------}
….This is the first time they have ever gone abroad.
…. They have never gone abroad before.
…. They’re not used to going abroad.
1. A: Have you ever been +v3+obj?
B: No, I haven't but I have been +v3+obj
( ltdL nfO ul/Psf]_
2. A: Have you ever +v3 +obj?
B: No, I haven't but I have +v3+obj
(ltdLn] sfd u/]sf]_
B: No, I haven't but I have had my+sth. +obj.
(ltdf]| cfKfm\gf] sfd self u/]sf]_
Question model: Look at the example and write similar conversation between A and B
Example:
1. Fine / for a parking offence? (speeding)
A: Have you ever been fined for a parking offence?
A: Have you ever worked in the Sun?
3. Steal / wallet? (umbrella)
A: Have you ever had your wallet stolen?
Questions for Practice:
- Play/piano (flute).
- Trap/in the bathroom (kitchen).
- X-ray/chest (right leg).
Continue the remarks below with a sentence using (not) used to.
Structure:
Sub + is/am/are +( not )+ used to +V4 + Obj
1. The traffic doesn’t wake him up at night.
He is used to sleeping in the street.
2. He is going to find it hard work working on a building site.
He isn’t used to working on a building site.
She is not used to getting flowers from others.
4. He won’t mind if you stare at him.
He is used to being stared at.
5. I get a bit lonely sometimes, now that she has gone.
She is not used to leaving me alone.
6. It is quite hard work doing all my own washing and cleaning.
I am not used to doing my own washing and cleaning.
7. I don’t think she’s ever opened a door herself.
Her maid is used to opening the door for her.
8. You can bring as many friends as you like.
9. I’m not surprised he is out of breath.
He is not used to dancing.
10. Ooh dear. I’ve got a stomach-ache.
I’m not used to having fatty food.
1. Stating
suitable qualification and experiences, write a letter of application for the
post of a primary level English teacher.
The Principal
Saraswati Secondary
School,
Nepalgunj,
Banke.
Dear Sir,
In
response to the advertisement published in ‘The Everest Daily’, dated on 15th
Poush , 2077, for the post of
a primary level English teacher in
your
reputed school, I would like to offer myself as a fit candidate for the
same.
Details regarding
my qualifications and experiences are as follows: I am a young lady/male of twenty two years with good
health, and sound personality. I have passed +2 level in first division from
Everest Higher Secondary School, Nepalgunj, Banke. I have passed Bachelor level
in relevant subject. I have got three years experience in relevant field. I’m
good at both written and spoken English. I have also done basic computer
course. I’m quite familiar with the nature of the job.
If you kindly chose
me for the post, I assure you I shall try my best to give you maximum
satisfaction with my work. I have
enclosed herewith photocopies of my certificates, experiences and bio-data with
this application.
I hope positive
response from your side.
2. Stating
suitable qualifications and experiences, write a job application for the post
of an Accountant addressing the Manager, Asian Development Bank,
Kathmandu.
Asian Development Bank,
New Baneshwor, Kathnandu.
Dear Sir,
With reference to your advertisement in ‘The Nagarik Daily’ of the 10th September, 2012, for the post of an Accountant in your esteemed concern, I take this opportunity to offer my services for the same.
The details regarding my academic qualifications and experience are as follows: I passed BBS in first division with accountancy as the major subject from Nepal Commerce College, Pokhara. Then I had a diploma in Chartered Accountancy which I obtained from The Valley Institute of Chartered Accountant, Kathmandu. I have gained enough experience in all aspects of accountancy, for example, preparing accounts, salary sheets, bill accounts, budget, balance sheets, etc.
I am a young man of 28 years with sound personality and good moral character. I am very good at accounting software on the computer. My written English is very good and I am fluent in spoken English.
In the end, I assure you that if I am selected, I will prove worthy of this job. I will be waiting for your positive response.
3. You are
living in one of the flats you visited. Write a letter to your friend,
describing what it’s like living there and what the people there are like.
Compulsory
English
Grammar Practice
Questions for Grade-12
(6/7-Questions
are asked in the final examination)
1. How would you describe people who are… 5
a)…funny.
b)…short-tempered.
c)….pessimist.
d)….miser.
e)….shy.
2. Express wish for the following remarks
using ‘I wish’ with the past tense as in the example. 5
Example- It’s raining.
I wish I had an umbrella.
a) You’re
lonely.
b) You are ill in bed.
c) Your bike has
stopped working.
d) You’re short
of money.
e) You could not
attend the classes.
3.
Rewrite the following sentences as
indirect questions, as in the example. Begin with the words given. 5 Example:-
What are gulf balls made of ? Do you know…?
Do you know what gulf balls are made
of?
(a) What time did you wake up this
morning? Can you remember…?
(b) How much do color TVs cost these days?
Have you any idea…………?
(c) Was he alone? Did you notice…………?
(d) When are they getting married? I'm longing to know ………………
(e) Did I give you any money? Do you
remember…………….?
4. Change the suggestions below, using ought
to / oughtn’t to/ might as well or there’s no point in. 5
a) Don’t take
your children to see that film- it’ll frighten them.
b) Why don’t you
take a pullover?- it might turn cold.
c) Let’s not
talk about it now- the children are listening.
d) Why don’t you
give it away-it not worth anything anyway.
e) Let’s not
take the lift- he only lives on the first floor.
5. Choose one of the verbs in the list to
report each of the remarks below. 5
Promise threaten recommend beg advise
a) You should
spend two weeks in Rara- It’s lovely.
b) I’ll buy you
a bicycle if you’re good.
c) You’ve got to
lend me the money! Oh please, please!
d) You really
ought to have your roof repaired, you know.
e) I’ll report
you to the police if you don’t do what I say.
6. Write a sentence from following remarks
using ‘shouldn’t………until’. 5
a) Wash your
hand/ eat
b) go to bed/
clean your teeth
c) listen to the
weather forecast/ go sailing
d) buy your girl
friend a ring/ask her to marry you.
e) have some
driving lessons/ take your driving test.
7. Rewrite these sentences, beginning with the words
given so that they mean the same. 5
a) He’s never
been out with a girl before.
- This is the first time……………………
b) He has
terrible person problems.
- He seems………………………………
c) I’m sure they
didn’t meet her.
- They can’t…………………………….
d) I’m told that
Jesika got married.
- Jesika is supposed to………………….
e) They’re in
love.
- They look………………………..........
8. How would you
describe people who are… 5
a)…reliable.
b)…fast tempered.
c)….gullible
d)….mean.
e)….skeptical.
9. Rewrite the
following sentences beginning “If there’s one thing 5
Example: Someone’s singing in the bath. It’s getting on my nerves.
-If there’s one thing that gets on
my nerves it’s people who sing in the bath.
a.
Someone’s looking at me. I’m angry.
b. Someone’s miscalling me. It infuriates
me.
c. I’ve just seen someone with red and blue
hair. I can’t stand it.
d. I loathe people who smoke in the restaurants.
e. People who are cruel to women annoy me.
10. Express
regret for following remarks as shown in the example. 5
Example:
You're suffering from sunstroke.
-I
wish I'd sat in the shade
(a)
You feel seasick.
(b)
You're short of sleep.
(c)
Your house has burnt down.
(d) Someone has just
refused to marry you.
(e) Your friend left you.
11. Join the following sentences using a
Relative Clause: 5
(a)
I got her at the river bank. She was lying there.
(b) She had spent
many years in Baluwatar. She worked there as Prime Minister’s secretary.
(c) John was an
excellent driver. John’s forehead was covered in sweat.
(d) A woman from
Khanchikot caged up a tiger. The tiger had come to attack her goats.
(e) Everybody liked
the youngest daughter. Old Krishna Kant had left all his money to her.
12. Have similar
conversation beginning with the remarks, as shown in the example.5 Example:- A: Shall we go by bus?
B: No, there's no point in waiting for the bus- its only a short
distance.
C: Yes, we might as well walk.
(a) Do you think I
should keep all these old clothes.
(b) What shall we
do with the money? Invest it?
(c) Should I send
this letter first class?
(d) Let's get a
bigger washing machine.
(e) I think I'll
make a bookcase.
13.
Rewrite the following using can’t ,
must , or may /might.
5
a)
Perhaps she didn't get what you said.
b) I'm sure they have left.
c) Maybe the election will be postponed.
d) It's possible that there will be peace in Nepal.
e)
Obviously the gardener was not serious.
14. For each of the situation below, ask question with
‘How long’ and answer it using the words in the
brackets. 5 (a)
They talked on the phone. (20 minutes)
(b) He
mowed the lawn. (ten minutes)
(c) I
wrote all my letters. (lunch time)
(d) I read
the whole of ‘War and Peace’. (two weeks)
(e) She
did some piano practice. (bed time)
15. Join the following sentences using a Relative Clause: 5
(a) I met her in
my village many years back. We together had our schooling there.
(b) She had spent many years in the palace.
She worked there as the chief secretary.
(c) John was an excellent driver. John’s
forehead was covered in sweat.
(d) A woman from the USA is helping him. She
has been to Nepal a number of times.
(e) Alex had just the gun out of his pocket.
Alex never went anywhere without his gun.
16.
Continue the following remarks using
“This is the first time……..”. 5
a)
Please, help me.
b)
She’s very tired.
c)
My feet are killing me.
d)
Hold my hand, will you?
e)
I can’t sleep tonight.
17. Make
sentences using “Look, Look like, Look asif/as though.” 5
a)
a nurse
b)
terribly complicated
c)
a recently married couple
d)
they’re celebrating
e)
aggressive
18. Turn the following into indirect
speech. 5
(a) They said to
me" We are going to a movie tomorrow."
(b) She said to him
"Did you finish the book yesterday?"
(c) He said to the
servant, "Get out!"
(d) I said,
"What is your sister's name?"
(e) Rama said to me
“ I love you.”
19. Rewrite the
following sentences using be used to +ing
. [5]
(a) Suman
enjoys eating fruits.
(b) I
can’t sing a song.
(c) She is
good at cooking food.
(d) The
Buddhists pray for peace every day.
(e) Madan
knows how to swim.
20. Report the following
remarks, beginning He told me….. [5]
Example : My father is ill. –He told me his father was
ill.
i)
I’ll tell her when I see her.
ii)
I’ve had my car serviced.
iii)
They don’t play as much tennis as
they used to.
iv)
I am reading that book you lent
me.
v)
I wasn’t invited to the wedding.
21. Use the following
phrases in your own sentences.
5
Look like, I wish, there is no
point in, as soon as, can’t
22. Write as indicated in the brackets. [ 5]
i) You are lonely.(wish)
ii) Your car’s broken down. (wish)
iii) You’re short of money. (wish).
iv) You’re suffering from sunstroke.(regret)
v) You’re short of sleep.(regret)
23 Write a sentence each using the following information showing
right order of the action: [5]
Example :
clean a wound / bandage it
Yes
should clean a wound before you bandage it.
(a) Wash your
hands / eat.
(b) close your
windows / go out.
(c) have
some driving lessons / take your driving test.
(d) clean your
teeth / go to bed.
(e) test
the temperature of the water / bathe the baby.
24.
Join the following sentence together using a relative clause:
[5 ]
(a)
Finally Browne decided to retire.
Willis had been sharing an office with him.
(b) The old
house was finally sold.
The family had lived in it for 300 years.
(c) He
proudly showed me round his house.
He had paid 40 lakhs for it.
(d) He became
quite fond of his college.
He had spent many years of his life there.
(e) Harold
finally asked her to marry him.
She had always been in love with him.
25.Choose
one of the verbs in the list to report each of the remarks below:[
5]
urge, insist,
advise, suggest,
threaten, recommend
Example :
It’s very important for you to give up drinks.
He urged me to give up drinks.
(a)I’ll
report you to the police if you don’t do what I say.
(b) Why
don’t you start medicine if you can’t bear the pain?
(c) No,
I’ve already told you- I am going to pay.
(d)You
really ought to have your bike serviced, you see.
(e)You
should try it once again. You may win.
26. Change the following sentences using be used to +ing 5
a.
Ram enjoys playing football.
b.
I can’t stand in the Sun.
c.
He knows how to play flute.
d.
She is out of breath.
e.
My feet are killing me.
27. Rewrite the following sentences
beginning ‘If there’s onething…..’ 5
a. I hate people who speak while eating.
b. I loathe people who ring me early in
the morning.
c. People who break promises make me
angry.
d. People who are cruel to animals are
hateful.
e. People who smoke in the restaurants
annoy me.
28.
Join the following sentences with an appropriate relative clause: 5
a. Phil is an excellent driver. Phil’s
forehead was broad.
b. The baby is catching a ball. The ball
is very expensive.
c. The place is called Water Park. He
has been living there.
d. My son lives in America. I love him
very much.
e. Alex had closed his eyes. It had
been Alex’s idea to come.
29.
Join using ‘when’ to describe processes: 5
i. arrive border----show/passport
ii. water/boil----pour/teapot
iii. eat/meal----pay/bill
iv. turn off/light----change/bulb
v. meet/stranger---shake/hands
30.
Rewrite the information about him: 5
i.
He was born in Kathmandu in 1932. (know)
ii.
His parents took him to Somalia when he was seven. (think)
iii.
He is a heavy drinker. (say)
iv.
Several governments are suing him for tax offences. (report)
v.
He has married five times. (believe)
31.
Make wishes and regrets 5
i.
It’s raining. (wish)
ii.
Your car has broken down. (regret)
iii.
You’re ill in bed. (wish)
iv.
You lost the way. (regret)
v.
You failed your exam. (regret)
32.
Write the following questions as indirect questions: 5
i.
What time did you wake up this morning?
Can
you remember…….?
ii.
Was he alone?
Did
you notice………?
iii.
What colour curtains do you like?
Do
you know……..?
iv.
Did I lock the front door?
Do
you remember……..?
v.
What time does the film start?
I
wonder…….. .
33.
Change the following sentence using be
used to. 1x5=5
i)She
always sings in the social functions.
ii)
I usually get up early in the morning.
iii)
Sita usually has her hair cut.
iv)
The girls are usually teased by the boys.
v)She
cannot run very fast.
34.
Rewrite the following sentences by using
‘seem’ 1x5=5
i)
He is very friendly.
ii)
He has lived a very interesting life.
iii)
He watches television a lot.
iv)
He does not spend much time out of door.
v)
He is some kind of businessman.
35.
Complete the following sentence using
past perfect tense. 1x5=5
Example: I apologized to him for all the
inconvenience …I had caused.
i)I
took back to the library all the books………………
ii)I
was thoroughly ashamed of the stupid mistake ……………
iii)On
the application form I had to list all the schools…………
iv)I
could not pay back the money…………..
v)I
wanted to show her the presents……………
36. Change the following sentences as shown in
the example. [5]
Example: Someone is singing in the bath. It’s getting on Hari’s
nerves.
Ans: If
there’s one thing that gets on my nerves, it’s people who sing in the bath.
a. Someone has taken seat. It’s making her angry.
b. Someone has taken Ram’s pen without permission. He
is angry.
c. It’s after midnight, and the people next door are
playing loud music. Ram objects of it.
d. Someone’s just spat in the street. Ram is offended.
e. Ram’s just seen someone with purple and green hair.
He can’t stand this.
37. Imagine you are in the situations below.
[3]
a. Write a wish for each of the following situations.
(i) You are sick (ii) You need
a job (iii) It’s raining
b. Express regrets for the following situations:
(i) You forgot your friend’s birthday.
(ii) You could not keep your promise.
38. Report the following remarks using a
suitable verb from the box. [4]
agreed, refused, threatened, advised, tried to
persuade
Example: ‘Very well, then we’ll give him his deposit back.’
They agreed to give him his deposit back.
a. ‘If you don’t pay up, we’ll take legal action.’
b. ‘No, I have absolutely no intention of sending you
the money.’
c. ‘Please, you must help me! I don’t know what to
do.’
d. ‘I think you ought to get in touch with
‘Safeguard.’
e. My friend said to me, "Let's watch a movie." (Indirect Speech)
39. Rewrite the following sentences using the
word ‘seem’. [5]
a. His front garden always looks a bit neglected.
b. You only see his children during the school
holidays.
c. He usually carries a walking stick when he goes
out.
d. There are African masks on the wall of his sitting
room.
e. He never stops to chat with you if you have got dog
with you.
40. Complete the sentences by joining the
following words using, When… [4]
a. turn off/ lights-change/ bulb-
b. eat/ meal -pay/ bill-
c. arrive/ border -show/ passport-
d. meet/ stranger -shake/ hands-
41. Put the verbs in brackets in correct
grammatical form. [4]
a. This is the first time I (watch) a movie in the
cinema hall.
b. I bought the book which I not (find) for years.
c. I wish they (live) near.
d. As soon as the telephone (ring) he answered.
42. Change the voice of following sentences.
[4]
a. I have written a poem. [Passive]
b. Pop singers are always surrounded by teenagers.
[Active]
c. A ball hit me as I was walking along the street.
[Passive]
d. The building was completely damaged by fire.
[Active]
43.
Rewrite the sentences using (not)
used to + ing. ( 5*1=5)
a) The traffic does not wake him up
at night….
b) He is going to it hard work
working on a building site…
c) He won’t mind if you stare at
him…
d) I am not surprised he is out of
breath…
e) Ooh dear . I have got
stomach-ache…
44.
Fill in the gaps below with for, in, until, or by. [5*1=5]
a) She studied medicine………the age of
twenty-five.
b) He learnt to swim……..six weeks.
c) My father ran a bookshop…….two years.
d) We discussed politics…….three in
the morning.
e) The concert was over ……half past
nine.
45.
Rewrite the following sentences using looks as if/looks as though.
[5*1=5]
a) You see a man lying on the floor
laughing.
b) You see a man lying underneath a
car.
c) You can see people dancing in the
next room.
d) You see a girl standing on the
swimming pool, staring into the water.
e) You see bunch of girls posing for
photography.
46. Change the following into
indirect speech: Begin with the words given in brackets. [5*1=5]
i. (She asked) “Shall we go for a
walk?”
ii. (He wanted to know from me)
“What else would you suggest for the trip?”
iii. (He repeated) “I’m counting on
your help”.
iv. (She questioned) “How does it
feel like to ride a cable car?
v. (She insisted) “Let me take you
home.”
47.
Add one sentence to each situation: – [5*1=5]
Eg: Jack’s eyes were all red…
Ans: He had been peeling onions.
a) Angela was out of breath….
b) Peter was covered in dirt…
c) Shiela felt very cold…
d) Michael couldn’t stand up
straight…
e) I was feeling sleepy…
48.
Ask the question with “How long….?” Give appropriate answers too. 5x1=5
a) Tim telephoned his father this
morning .(five minutes)
b) Jane wrote an essay last night.
(two hours)
c) William does not play the guitar
anymore.(two years)
d) Cyril slept well last night.(Ten
hours)
e) Liza has a cold.(three days)
49. Continue the following remarks
using “Supposed to”. 5x1=5
a.
I’m told that garlic stop you
catching a cold.
b.
People say media men earn a lot.
c.
They believe teaching job is highly
honourable.
d.
Civil society report that the
political leaders are not honest enough.
e.
Everyone knows that market price is
uncontrolled.
50. Report the following as shown in the example.
5x1=5
Example: He was born in Manchester in 1932. (know)
He is known to have been born in Manchester in 1932.
a.
His parents took him to America when he was seven.
(think)
b.
He is living on a remote Greek island. (remour)
c.
He was responsible for murders in the sixties.
(allege)
d.
He has been married five times. (believe)
e.
He was a heavy drinker (say)
Any Queries...?
Physic ki pani mili haltheo vane ramro hunthiyo sir
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