Grade:11 (English) Unit-6 Health and Exercise- You May Scoff... - by Emma Young (Part-I)

 Grade:11 (English) Unit-6 Health and Exercise- You May Scoff... - by Emma Young (Part-I) 

About the article “You May Scoff…”

Ø The article “You May Scoff…” is about staying slim mentioning alternative ways except diets and exercise.

Ø If s/he over-eats and under-exercises, s/he will gain weight. Besides, some other factors also contribute in excess adiposity (fatness).

Ø For instance, David Allison at the University of Alabama in Birmingham discovered that human alone are not piling on the pounds, rather wild animals, lab animals and animals kept on highly controlled diets for decades were found gaining weight.

Ø Get Vaccinated:

Ø Nikhil Dhurndhar of the Pennington Biomedical Research Centre in Louisiana discovered that adenovirus-36(one common cold virus/AD-36) boosts both the number of fat cels in the body and the amount of fat inside these cells. To justify this, he added another report that children with AD-36 antibodies weighted an average of 23 kilograms more than children without them. The effective prevention strategy is vaccination.

Ø Chill:

Ø Another factor is extreme stress or being chill make people lose or gain weight. Rajita Sinha, director of the Yale Stress Centre at Yale University showed that stress increases activity in the ventral striatum ( a region associated with reward and habits). People habit of carving for high calories food in such cases enhances pounds in body. She recommends mindfulness, stress reduction and meditation techniques for taking control over  eating high calories food.

Ø Fiona Johnson at University College London and colleagues think that due to warmer temperature, people living in the UK and the USA are becoming fatter. Shivering obviously  burns energy but it does not mean one should chew extra calories. Temperature below 18°C leads brown fat collected in the necks to burn energy to warm up. But incase, s/he is not regularly exposed to cold, s/he burns less energy as environmental temperature rise from 15°C to 28°C said by Jhonson.

—  Watch and Packaging:

Ø Some plastic packaging and cans (food and drinks) contain endocrine disrupter chemicals that expand waistlines/ waist pack. Endocrine disrupters change the  normal functioning of hormones. They interfere in functioning of the thyroid and store fat and metabolizing glucose.

Ø A team lead by Elizabeth Hatch at Boston University that men with a bigger body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference had higher blood concentrations of metabolites of phthalate in 2010 and some other researchers talked of bisphenol, another endocrine disrupter.

—  Turn down the lights:

—  Randy Nelson and his team at Ohio State University in Columbus found that mice exposed to light at night weighted 10 percent more at the end of the eight week study than mice that had experienced a standard light/dark cycle even though they ate the same total number of calories and did the same amount of exercise which justifies that shift work makes people fatter. Nelson further suggests that it is difficult to specify and appropriate light cycle for everyone.

—  Move to the Country:

—  Xiaohua Xu of  Ohio State University said that air pollution plays a very significant role in the current obesity epidemic. People go for a brisk walk or jog outdoors to battle against the bulge in the big city. Breathing polluted air can cause extra fat to accumulate around the stomach increasing risk to Type 2 diabetes.

—  Xu exposed that young mice to air heavily polluted with fine particles for 6 hours a day, five days a week, and found that after 10 weeks they had about 50 percent more abdominal fat than mice that were fed the same diet but inhaled filtered air causing causing  tumour  necrosis factor-alpha to the former ones.

—   As per John Pearson at Harvard University, fine particulate air pollution can be found around the globe so one can never entirely escape them even if you move out of the city but choosing/picking rural  might be worth  over an urban jog.

—  Have a lie-in:

—  Simona Bo of the University of Turin, Italy, found that the adult who became obese(overweight) during her six-year study slept an average of about 6.3 hours a night, compared with about 7.2 hours for those who maintained a healthier body weight, the main cause is low level of physical activity.

—  Rachael Taylor at the University of Otago, New Zealand, has found that children aged between 3and 5 who sleep less than the average of 11 hours a night are more likely to be overweight by the time they are 7 years old. Tayler simply means less sleep means more time to eat for children.

Ways with words…

A.    Ten words in the bold face in the text correspond to the definitions below. Match the definitions with the corresponding words.

a.     In spite of what has just been said or referred to – nevertheless

b.     A strong desire or  impulse –urge

c.      The ability to continue trying to do something, although it is very difficult – determination

d.     To attract attention to or emphasize something important – highlight

e.      arguing about things that are not important – bickering

f.       Not having things or conditions that are usually considered necessary continue to exist – deprivation

g.     Continue to exist - persist

h.     Soft loose flesh on a person’s body- flab

i.        To improve or increase something-  boost

j.       A limiting condition on something- restriction

     #  Now, make sentences of your own using the same words in bold type.

B.    Pronounce the words. The sound of the letter given on the left is silent.

a.     b: climb, dumb, doubt, comb, thumb, debt, lamb

b.     d: Wednesday, handsome, sandwich, handkerchief

c.      h: hour, honest, honour, heir, ghost, ghee, exhaust, exhibition

d.     k: know, knee, knowledge, knit, knife

e.     n: column, autumn, condemn, hymn, damn

f.       p: receipt, cupboard, pneumonia, psychology 

(All Images Credit: Google Images)